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Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Produces half of the chromosomes of the parent cell

A

Meiosis

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2
Q

Four daughter cells

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

Occurs in sex cells

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

During _______, gametes fused
to form diploid offspring

A

fertilization

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5
Q

Meiosis 1 produces __ daughter cells

A

2

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6
Q

Meiosis 2 produces __ daughter cells

A

4

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7
Q

Fusion of paternal and maternal chromosomes

A

Fertilization

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8
Q

two sets of chromosomes (2n), in humans 23 pairs or 46 total

A

Diploid

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9
Q

one set of chromosomes (n) - gametes or sex cells, in humans 23 chromosomes

A

Haploid

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Homologous Chromosomes?

A

Almost identical

Never shares centromere

Have same gene location

Have same length

Same loci, different alleles

ONLY ONE PAIR DIFFERs (Sex chromosomes X or Y)

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11
Q

pairing of homologous chromosomes forming a tetrad.

A

Synapsis

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12
Q

chromatids of tetrad exchange parts

A

Crossing Over

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13
Q

Different version of gene & consist of 1 centromere

A

Allele

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14
Q

Copy of each other (100% identical)

Replication

A

Sister chromosomes

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15
Q

Opposite characteristics of homologous chromosome (Chromosomes that don’t resemble each other)

A

Non Homologous/Non sister chromatid

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16
Q

Division results in reducing the number of chromosomes

A

Meiosis I

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17
Q

Similar to mitotic division except that the number of chromosomes is reduced to half

NO ADDITIONAL REPLICATION OCCURS

A

Meiosis II

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18
Q

Steps in PROPHASE 1

A

Leptonene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis

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19
Q

PROPHASE 1 ganaps

A

Disappearance of nuclei
Breaking down of nuclear membrane
Formation of spindle fiber and movement of centrosome
Homologous chromosomes pair w/ each other

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20
Q

Each pair in prophase 1 contains?

A

four sister chromatids

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21
Q

Chromosome starts to condense

A

Leptonene

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22
Q

Zipper-like structure that forms between pairs of homologous chromosome during meiosis

A

Synaptonemal complex

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23
Q

Synapsis begins: Synaptonemal complex forms

A

Zygotene

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24
Q

Crossing Over: DNA exchanged by non-sister chromatids

NOTE! They only change in parts where they are the same

25
Synapsis ends: Chiasma visible within bivalent
Diplotene
26
A region (POINT) where crossing over happens
Chiasma/ta
27
Prophase ends: Nuclear membrane disintegrates
Diakinesis
28
What phase is when spindle fibers starting to attach to the chromosomes through its centromeres?
Prometaphase
29
METAPHASE 1 ganaps
Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate called " independent assortment" Never duplicates Recombination occurs Both chromatids of one homolog are attached to kinetochore microtubules
30
Genetic variability (crossing over contributes)
Independent assortment
31
ANAPHASE 1 ganaps
Breakdown of proteins that are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion along chromatid arms allows homologs to separate Synaptonemal complex breaks down SC cohesion persist at centromere Homologs move toward the opposite poles
32
TELOPHASE 1/CYTOKINESIS
Cells are now haploid (1n) Each chromosomes is composed of 2 sister chromatids with regions of nonsister chromatids
33
Meiosis 1 & 2: Which meiosis deals with sister chromatids?
Meiosis 2
34
PROPHASE 2 ganaps
Spindle apparatus forms
35
LATE PROPHASE ganaps
Chromosomes composed 2 sister chromatids are moved by microtubules towards metaphase plate
36
METAPHASE 2 ganaps
Chromosomes position at the metaphase plate Sister chromatids are not genetically identical
37
ANAPHASE 2 ganaps
Same with Anaphase 1 SC Cohesins breaks down
38
TELOPHASE 2/CYTOKINESIS ganaps
Nuclei form, chromosome decondense Produces 4 daughter cells that are genetically distinct from one another & from the parent cell
39
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? One nuclear division
Mitosis
40
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Two nuclear divisions
Meiosis
41
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? No synapsis & Crossing over
Mitosis
42
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Has synapsis & crossing over
Meiosis
43
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? For growth & repair of damaged & worn-out cells
Mitosis
44
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? For reproduction of sex cells
Meiosis
45
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? 2 daughter cells w/ same number of chromosomes as parents (2n)
Mitosis
46
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? 4 daughter cells w/ haploid number of chromosomes (n)
Meiosis
47
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Genetically the same with parents & other cells
Mitosis
48
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Genetically different from parent and other cells
Meiosis
49
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Asexual reproduction
Mitosis
50
MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? Sexual reproduction
Meiosis
51
Why do siblings can't have a child? (bukod sa moralidad)
Genetic Mutation is higher (has a higher chance) Physical Manifestation Carrier of such genes (will be dominant, if both siblings has recessive genes)
52
True or False? In meiosis cell division takes place twice as well as the replication
FALSE Cell division - twice Replication - once
53
Whare the causes of VARIATION?
Crossing Over (Prophase 1) Independent Assortment (Metaphase 1 & 2) Random Fertilization
54
Differences between members of a population
Variation
55
Meiosis results in _________ of chromosomes in gametes.
random separation
56
Value of Variation
Causes diverse populations that over time can be stronger for survival.
57
The process by which sperm cell production occurs
SPERMATOCYTOGENESIS
58
It is the production of female gametes (ova) within ovaries (sometimes it happens in the oviduct). Unlike in spermatogenesis, ______ starts during the fetal development.
OOGENESIS

Gen Biology (9 decks)

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