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Gen Biology > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Produces half of the chromosomes of the parent cell

A

Meiosis

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2
Q

Four daughter cells

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

Occurs in sex cells

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

During _______, gametes fused
to form diploid offspring

A

fertilization

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5
Q

Meiosis 1 produces __ daughter cells

A

2

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6
Q

Meiosis 2 produces __ daughter cells

A

4

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7
Q

Fusion of paternal and maternal chromosomes

A

Fertilization

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8
Q

two sets of chromosomes (2n), in humans 23 pairs or 46 total

A

Diploid

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9
Q

one set of chromosomes (n) - gametes or sex cells, in humans 23 chromosomes

A

Haploid

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Homologous Chromosomes?

A

Almost identical

Never shares centromere

Have same gene location

Have same length

Same loci, different alleles

ONLY ONE PAIR DIFFERs (Sex chromosomes X or Y)

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11
Q

pairing of homologous chromosomes forming a tetrad.

A

Synapsis

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12
Q

chromatids of tetrad exchange parts

A

Crossing Over

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13
Q

Different version of gene & consist of 1 centromere

A

Allele

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14
Q

Copy of each other (100% identical)

Replication

A

Sister chromosomes

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15
Q

Opposite characteristics of homologous chromosome (Chromosomes that don’t resemble each other)

A

Non Homologous/Non sister chromatid

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16
Q

Division results in reducing the number of chromosomes

A

Meiosis I

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17
Q

Similar to mitotic division except that the number of chromosomes is reduced to half

NO ADDITIONAL REPLICATION OCCURS

A

Meiosis II

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18
Q

Steps in PROPHASE 1

A

Leptonene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis

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19
Q

PROPHASE 1 ganaps

A

Disappearance of nuclei
Breaking down of nuclear membrane
Formation of spindle fiber and movement of centrosome
Homologous chromosomes pair w/ each other

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20
Q

Each pair in prophase 1 contains?

A

four sister chromatids

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21
Q

Chromosome starts to condense

A

Leptonene

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22
Q

Zipper-like structure that forms between pairs of homologous chromosome during meiosis

A

Synaptonemal complex

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23
Q

Synapsis begins: Synaptonemal complex forms

A

Zygotene

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24
Q

Crossing Over: DNA exchanged by non-sister chromatids

NOTE! They only change in parts where they are the same

A

Pachytene

25
Q

Synapsis ends: Chiasma visible within bivalent

A

Diplotene

26
Q

A region (POINT) where crossing over happens

A

Chiasma/ta

27
Q

Prophase ends: Nuclear membrane disintegrates

A

Diakinesis

28
Q

What phase is when spindle fibers starting to attach to the chromosomes through its centromeres?

A

Prometaphase

29
Q

METAPHASE 1 ganaps

A

Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate called “ independent assortment”

Never duplicates

Recombination occurs

Both chromatids of one homolog are attached to kinetochore microtubules

30
Q

Genetic variability (crossing over contributes)

A

Independent assortment

31
Q

ANAPHASE 1 ganaps

A

Breakdown of proteins that are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion along chromatid arms allows homologs to separate

Synaptonemal complex breaks down

SC cohesion persist at centromere

Homologs move toward the opposite poles

32
Q

TELOPHASE 1/CYTOKINESIS

A

Cells are now haploid (1n)
Each chromosomes is composed of 2 sister chromatids with regions of nonsister chromatids

33
Q

Meiosis 1 & 2: Which meiosis deals with sister chromatids?

A

Meiosis 2

34
Q

PROPHASE 2 ganaps

A

Spindle apparatus forms

35
Q

LATE PROPHASE ganaps

A

Chromosomes composed 2 sister chromatids are moved by microtubules towards metaphase plate

36
Q

METAPHASE 2 ganaps

A

Chromosomes position at the metaphase plate

Sister chromatids are not genetically identical

37
Q

ANAPHASE 2 ganaps

A

Same with Anaphase 1

SC Cohesins breaks down

38
Q

TELOPHASE 2/CYTOKINESIS ganaps

A

Nuclei form, chromosome decondense

Produces 4 daughter cells that are genetically distinct from one another & from the parent cell

39
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

One nuclear division

A

Mitosis

40
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

Two nuclear divisions

A

Meiosis

41
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

No synapsis & Crossing over

A

Mitosis

42
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

Has synapsis & crossing over

A

Meiosis

43
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

For growth & repair of damaged & worn-out cells

A

Mitosis

44
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

For reproduction of sex cells

A

Meiosis

45
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

2 daughter cells w/ same number of chromosomes as parents (2n)

A

Mitosis

46
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

4 daughter cells w/ haploid number of chromosomes (n)

A

Meiosis

47
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

Genetically the same with parents & other cells

A

Mitosis

48
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

Genetically different from parent and other cells

A

Meiosis

49
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

Asexual reproduction

A

Mitosis

50
Q

MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

Sexual reproduction

A

Meiosis

51
Q

Why do siblings can’t have a child? (bukod sa moralidad)

A

Genetic Mutation is higher (has a higher chance)

Physical Manifestation

Carrier of such genes (will be dominant, if both siblings has recessive genes)

52
Q

True or False?

In meiosis cell division takes place twice as well as the replication

A

FALSE

Cell division - twice
Replication - once

53
Q

Whare the causes of VARIATION?

A

Crossing Over (Prophase 1)

Independent Assortment (Metaphase 1 & 2)

Random Fertilization

54
Q

Differences between members of a population

A

Variation

55
Q

Meiosis results in _________ of chromosomes in gametes.

A

random separation

56
Q

Value of Variation

A

Causes diverse populations that over time can be stronger for survival.

57
Q

The process by which sperm cell production occurs

A

SPERMATOCYTOGENESIS

58
Q

It is the production of female gametes (ova) within ovaries (sometimes it happens in the oviduct). Unlike in spermatogenesis, ______ starts during the fetal development.

A

OOGENESIS

Gen Biology (9 decks)

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