Transport Lab (4) Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
selectively controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis
Cell Membrane
the Fluid Mosaic Model (Phospholipid Bilayer)
Fluid Mosaic Model
model that describes arrangement and movement of molecules that make up the cell membrane
Peripheral Proteins
proteins of membrane that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer
loosely bound to the surface
Integral Proteins
proteins that are permanently attached to the membrane
How do integral proteins stay anchored?
amino acids on the top and bottom of the membrane and they have a lipophobic R group
Transmembrane Protein
spans the entirety of the cell
Passive Transport
does not need energy to move solute from a high concentration region to a low concentration region:
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
Active Transport
needs energy to move solute against concentration gradient:
transport pumps
endocytosis
exocytosis
Simple Diffusion
movement of solute from a high concentration to a low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
use channel proteins to move molecules that cannot freely cross the cell membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration
Osmosis
diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a high water potential to a low water potential region
Transport Pumps
they move ions or molecules against their concentration gradient
Exocytosis
energy required process in which substances are released outside the cell
exit the cell
Endocytosis
energy required process in which they intake substances into the cell
enter the cell
Phagocytosis
process of endocytosis involving engulfing matter/food into the cell
Pinocytosis
process of endocytosis involving engulfing waste/liquid into the cell
Isotonic
equal amount of water entering and leaving the cell
Hypertonic
shirinked cell
water is leaving the cell due to the high concentration of solutes outside the cell
Hypotonic
swollen cell
water is entering the cell due to high concentration of solutes inside the cell
How does distance effect rate of diffusion?
if the distance is small, the diffusion happens faster because the particles do not have a large distance to travel
How does solubility effect rate of diffusion?
as the concentration gradient increases, rate of diffusion increases
as the concentration gradient decreases, rate of diffusion decreases
How does temperature effect rate of diffusion?
the higher the temperature, the higher rate of diffusion
the lower the temperature, the lower rate of diffusion
How does molecular weight effect rate of diffusion?
the high molecular weight, the lower rate of diffusion
the lower molecular weight, the higher rate of diffusion
Agar Plate
in the center a drop of Silver Nitrate was added to the center of the plate because Ag+ will create precipitation bonds with the negative ions which enables measurement of rates of diffusion
1cm to the right of the center 2 drops of NaCl was added so the Ag+ can react with Cl-
1cm to the left of the center 2 drops of KBr was added so the Ag+ can react with Br-
1cm to the bottom of the center 2 drops of Fe(CN) was added so Ag+ can react with CN-3
What is the molecular weight of Ferrincyanide? CN-3
212
What is the molecular weight of Chloride? Cl-
35
What is the molecular weight of Bromide? Br-
80
How do you calculate rate of diffusion?
square root of 1 / Molecular Weight
lowest product will be divided and quotient of that is the rate
ex:
CN- 0.068/0.068= 1
Br- 0.11/0.068= 1.6
Cl- 0.17/0.068= 2.5 `
Dialysis Tubing
semipermeable made of cellulose acetate
process of the removal of small molecular weight solutes from a solution
Was the dialysis tube permeable to starch?
no
Was the dialysis tube permeable to glucose?
yes
Was the dialysis tube permeable to albumin?
no
Was the dialysis tube permeable to iodine?
yes
What net movement occured in the dialysis tubing?
there was a net movement of water into the dialysis tubing
