Macromolecules Lab (2)

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

primary energy source bc it breaks down into sugars(glucose)

monossacharides- single sugar
ex:glucose,fructose,galactose

dissacharides- two monossacharides covalently bonded
ex:glucose+glucose=lactose

Cellulose is a glucose polymer that is composed of beta glucose and plants break down

Glycosidic bonds- covalent bonds btw single sugars

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

composed of amino acids

peptide bonds btwn the amino acids

have a carboxyl group, alpha-carbon group,amino group, and R group

R groups make each individual protein different

Question 4

Functions of Proteins in the Cell

Answer 4

Enzymes Protein 
Defensive Protein
Storage Protein 
Transport Protein 
Hormonal Protein 
Receptor Protein 
Structure Protein

Question 5

Primary Structure of Proteins

Answer 5

linear list of amino acids

Question 6

Secondary Structure of Proteins

Answer 6

interactions among amino and carboxyl group

dependent on hydrogen bonds

from alpha helix and beta pleated sheet structures

Question 7

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

Answer 7

formed when secondary structures are twisted and folded

held together by H+ bonds

need to get to this structure to be functioning proteins

Question 8

Quaternary Structure of Proteins

Answer 8

structure comes together (multiple proteins) composed of two or more polypeptide chains

it is a functioning protein

Question 9

Denaturation

Answer 9

loss of 3 dimensional structure of protein

result in lack of function

destruction of H+ bonds from 2nd,3rd,4th structure

Question 10

Nucleic Acids

Answer 10

made up of nucleotides

used for DNA/RNA

Question 11

Lipids

Answer 11

insoluble in water (hydrophobic)

stored energy

made up of fatty acids

triglycerides: made up of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 12

Saturated Fats

Answer 12

solid at room temperature

every carbon has a hydrogen(no carbon double bonds)

Question 13

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 13

liquid at room temperature

carbon double bonds present

Question 14

What is Lab Activity 1 testing for?

Answer 14

Reducing Sugars which are monossacharides that have aldehyde or ketane groups in linear forms

donate electrons to Cu+2(copper) which is found in Benedicts Solution

Question 15

Benedict Solution

Answer 15

test for reducing sugars by formation of red colored Cuprous Oxide(Cu2O) precipitate

if no sugar present then solution stays blue (og color)

Question 16

Benedict Solution-Reducing Sugar Results 
Glucose
Fructose
Sucrose
Lactose
Galactose 
MIlk
Rice

Answer 16

Results: 
Glucose- orange precipitate = yes reducing sugar
Fructose- yellow/orange precipitate= yes reducing sugar 
Sucrose- blue= no reducing sugar
Lactose- orange= yes reducing sugar
Galactose-orange/red= yes reducing sugar
Milk-orange/red= yes reducing sugar
Rise- olive green= no reducing sugar

Question 17

Procedures of Benedict Solution

Answer 17

add 1ml of substance to test tube, 1ml of benedict solution, and then incubate in boiling waterbath set for 95C for 5 minutes `

Question 18

What is Lab Activity 2 testing for?

Answer 18

Starches which are polymers of glucose that serve as an energy source

Question 19

Iodine Test (IKI Solution)

Answer 19

detects starch in a solution by causing a blue-black coloration

help distinguish between monosacharides, & polyssacharides

Question 20

Procedures for Iodine Test

Answer 20

add 2ml of test substance in test tube, then add 2 drops of IKI solution, mix the tube and observe if color changes

Question 21

Results of Iodine Test- Starch Results 
Potato Extract 
Corn Starch
Rice 
Milk
Wheat Flour 
Sucrose 
Glucose

Answer 21

Results: 
P.E- dark purple= yes starch 
C.S- black= yes starch 
Rice- black= yes starch 
Milk- yellow= no starch 
W.F- black= yes starch 
Sucrose- red= no starch 
Glucose- red= no starch

Question 22

What is Lab Activity 3 testing for?

Answer 22

testing for proteins

Question 23

Biuret Test

Answer 23

amino groups will complex with Cu2+ ions

the protein/copper will create and change the solution into a blue-purple coloration to identify protein

Question 24

Procedures of Biuret Test

Answer 24

add 1ml of test solution to test tubes, add 2ml of biuret test solution, observe color change

Question 25

Results of Biuret Test-Protein 
Milk
Casein 
Albumin 
Whey
Urea 
Glucose

Answer 25

Results 
Milk-purple= yes protein 
Casein-light purple= yes protein 
Albumin-purple= yes protein
Whey-purple= yes protein 
Urea-clear= no protein 
Glucose- clear= no protein

Question 26

What is Lab Activity 4 testing for?

Answer 26

lipid testing to see if solution has hydrophobic lipids present

Question 27

Sudan IV Test

Answer 27

will turn the solution red if solution contains hydrophobic lipids and it will remain clear if its negative

Question 28

Procedures of Sudan IV Test

Answer 28

add 1ml of test substance, add 3 drops of sudan IV dye, mix and let sit for 5 minutes and observe the color change

Question 29

Results of Sudan IV Test-Lipid 
Alcohol 
Glucose 
Vegetable Oil 
Whole Milk

Answer 29

Results: 
Alcohol- pink= neg lipid 
Glucose-clear w/ red tint= neg lipid 
Vegetable Oil-seeped red= strong lipid 
Whole Milk-pink milk/black bottom= slightly lipid