Transport in Plants

Question 1

What is the Xylem made up of?

Answer 1

Vessel elements

Has : water proof walls lined with lignin, no end walls, pits with no lignin, no organelles, no cell content

Question 2

What is the xylem function?

Answer 2

transport of water up the plant

Question 3

How is Water moved?

Answer 3

The transpiration stream

Question 4

What blocks the apoplast pathway?

Answer 4

Casparian strip

Question 5

What is the phloem made of?

Answer 5

sieve tube elements and companion cells

Question 6

What surrounds the xylem and what does it do?

Answer 6

Parenchyma which acts as a food store

Question 7

In the stem is the phloem on inside or outside?

Answer 7

OUTSIDE

Question 8

In the root is xylem inside or outside?

Answer 8

Inside

Question 9

In the leaves is xylem on bottom or top?

Answer 9

Top

Question 10

What is the phloem and xylem called?

Answer 10

Vascular bundles

Question 11

What is phloem function?

Answer 11

Transport assimilates through translocation

Question 12

What is the structure which acts a filter between sieve tube elements?

Answer 12

Sieve plate

Question 13

What joins sieve tube elements to companion cell?

Answer 13

Plasmodesmata

Question 14

What are the roles of water in a plant?

Answer 14

Hydrostatic Skeleton
Turgor help cell expansion
Cooling
Transport of minerals

Question 15

How is root hair cell adapted for transport?

Answer 15

Very Small
Large SA
Thin surface layer
High concentration in cytoplasm so water move in

Question 16

Which pathway moves through cytoplasm?

Answer 16

Symplast

Question 17

Where does the apoplast way move through?

Answer 17

Through cell walls by cohesive forces

Question 18

How does water move through symplast pathway?

Answer 18

The increases water potential in adjacent cells creates movement of water

Question 19

Which blocks journey from root hair cell to xylem?

Answer 19

The endodermal cells which have a casperian strip made of suberin

Question 20

How do the endodermal cells create movement into xylem?

Answer 20

Use AT to pump ions into xylem to have high water potential

This can be shown by applying cyanide to root tip which inhibit mitochondria and therefor AT as root pressure dissapear

Question 21

Describe movement into leaves?

Answer 21

The water evaporate from cell wall to air spaces

Stomata open so water diffuse out down gradient with

Question 22

Describe one specialisation of phloem?

Answer 22

Has many mitochondria in companion cells

Many plasmodesmata

Question 23

What features of a xerophyte reduce loss of water vapour?

Answer 23

Thick waxy cuticle
Reduced SA available for water loss
Hairs of epidermis as create humidity which reduces water potential gradient as there is a high water potential
Sunken stomata

Question 24

What is a xerophyte?

Answer 24

A plant adpated to live in dry conditions

Question 25

What is a hydrophyte

Answer 25

A plant adapted to live in wet conditions

Question 26

How is a hydrophyte adapted to survive in wet conditions

Answer 26

Leaves have large SA to maximise surface area for photosynthesis
Stomata are only on upper side of leaf and surrounded by waxy cuticle to keep them open
Aerenchyma tissue allow diffusion of oxygen or aerial bits of plants to roots