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Biology > 1.2 Organelles > Flashcards

1.2 Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores?

A

Allow movement of mRNA out of nucleus

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2
Q

What organelles could not be viewed with light microscope

A

Ribosomes
Golgi
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, centrioles, vesicles, mitochondria

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3
Q

How are vesicles moved frome one cell to another?

A

The cytoskeleton provide structure to move along

Vesicles move along microfilaments

Microtubules extend from cell and are broken down

This uses ATP

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4
Q

What is term for single celled organisms

A

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

What is a Eukaryotes

A

Multicellular organism

Membrane bound organelles

Allow multiple reactions

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6
Q

What is role of nucleus

A

To contain code genetic information

Synthesise proteins

DNA + histone = chromatin

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7
Q

Where is genetic info stored

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

What is role of nucleolus

A

produce ribosomes from proteins and RNA

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9
Q

What is role of mitochondria

A

Respiration site

contain enzyme and DNA

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10
Q

What is interior of mitochondria called

A

Matrix

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11
Q

What is folded membrane in mitochondria called

A

Cristae

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12
Q

What is a vesicle

A

Membrane sacs

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13
Q

What is purpose of vesicles

A

Storage and transport

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14
Q

What are lysosomes

A

specialised vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes

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15
Q

What are three components of cytoskeleton

A
  1. Microfillaments
  2. Microtubules
  3. Intermediate fibres
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16
Q

What are microfilliaments called

A

Actin

17
Q

What is role of cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments- cell movement

Microtubules - globular proteins which create scaffolding for organelle movement

Intermediate fibres - strength

18
Q

What is role of cillia

A

Hair like extension which create movement by beating

19
Q

What is structure of cillia

A

9 + 2 microtubules

20
Q

What is flagella

A

Whip like structure which create cell mobility and chemical changes

21
Q

What organelles are involved in protein synthesis

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth or rough

Ribosomes

Golgi appartus

22
Q

What is role of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth - carb / lip synthesis

Rough - protein

23
Q

What is role of golgi apparatus

A

modify and package proteins

24
Q

What are the stages of protein production

A
  1. Protein synthesised in RER
  2. Packaged in cisternae to vesicles
  3. Move to golgi via microtubules
  4. fuse with cis face so protein modified and then leave by trans face
25
Q

What is a plant cell wall made of

A

Cellulose

26
Q

What is the vacuole

A

A membrane sac filled with sap

27
Q

What is role of vacuole

A

To maintain turgor

28
Q

What is role of chroloplast

A

Photosynthesis

29
Q

What is structure of chloroplast

A

Double membrane

Inside fluid - stroma

Thylakoid which join to make granum

Granum joined lamellae

30
Q

What are examples of prokaryotes

A

Archae and Bacteria

31
Q

How is DNA present in prokaryotes

A

Free floating or super coiled into chromosomes

32
Q

What are genes grouped into in bacteria

A

Operons

33
Q

What size are ribosomes in prokaryotes

A

70s

34
Q

What is cell wall made of in bacteria

A

Peptidoglycan

35
Q

What is peptidoglycan made of

A

Amino acid and sugar

36
Q

Where does energy come from for flagella in bacteria

A

Chemiosmosis

37
Q

What is flagella composed of

A

Basal body and molecular motor

38
Q

How do prokaryotes produce

A

Reproduce by binary fission

Biology (13 decks)

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