1.2 Organelles Flashcards
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Allow movement of mRNA out of nucleus
What organelles could not be viewed with light microscope
Ribosomes
Golgi
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, centrioles, vesicles, mitochondria
How are vesicles moved frome one cell to another?
The cytoskeleton provide structure to move along
Vesicles move along microfilaments
Microtubules extend from cell and are broken down
This uses ATP
What is term for single celled organisms
Prokaryotes
What is a Eukaryotes
Multicellular organism
Membrane bound organelles
Allow multiple reactions
What is role of nucleus
To contain code genetic information
Synthesise proteins
DNA + histone = chromatin
Where is genetic info stored
Nucleus
What is role of nucleolus
produce ribosomes from proteins and RNA
What is role of mitochondria
Respiration site
contain enzyme and DNA
What is interior of mitochondria called
Matrix
What is folded membrane in mitochondria called
Cristae
What is a vesicle
Membrane sacs
What is purpose of vesicles
Storage and transport
What are lysosomes
specialised vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes
What are three components of cytoskeleton
- Microfillaments
- Microtubules
- Intermediate fibres
What are microfilliaments called
Actin
What is role of cytoskeleton
Microfilaments- cell movement
Microtubules - globular proteins which create scaffolding for organelle movement
Intermediate fibres - strength
What is role of cillia
Hair like extension which create movement by beating
What is structure of cillia
9 + 2 microtubules
What is flagella
Whip like structure which create cell mobility and chemical changes
What organelles are involved in protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth or rough
Ribosomes
Golgi appartus
What is role of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth - carb / lip synthesis
Rough - protein
What is role of golgi apparatus
modify and package proteins
What are the stages of protein production
- Protein synthesised in RER
- Packaged in cisternae to vesicles
- Move to golgi via microtubules
- fuse with cis face so protein modified and then leave by trans face
What is a plant cell wall made of
Cellulose
What is the vacuole
A membrane sac filled with sap
What is role of vacuole
To maintain turgor
What is role of chroloplast
Photosynthesis
What is structure of chloroplast
Double membrane
Inside fluid - stroma
Thylakoid which join to make granum
Granum joined lamellae
What are examples of prokaryotes
Archae and Bacteria
How is DNA present in prokaryotes
Free floating or super coiled into chromosomes
What are genes grouped into in bacteria
Operons
What size are ribosomes in prokaryotes
70s
What is cell wall made of in bacteria
Peptidoglycan
What is peptidoglycan made of
Amino acid and sugar
Where does energy come from for flagella in bacteria
Chemiosmosis
What is flagella composed of
Basal body and molecular motor
How do prokaryotes produce
Reproduce by binary fission
