transport in humans Flashcards
where is the food we eat
digestive system
where is the oxygen we breath
in our lungs
what do all cells require
energy
the food and oxygen are far from the _
cells
transport system
~food and oxygen need to be taken to each cell ~the waste substances produced by each cell is taken away to excretory organs such as the skin lungs and kidneys
name the two systems the transport system is made up of
circulatory system and lymphatic system
what is the heart , blood vessels and blood tissue made up of
human circulatory system
the heart
a hollow organ the size of your closed fist
what are the walls of the heart made up of
very thick muscles that are specialized and found only in the heart
what are the muscles in the heart called
cardiac muscles
cardiac muscles
very strong muscles which do not get tired easily
where is the heart
in the middle of the chest cavity or thorax and its pointed end or apex it turned slightly to the left
what is the heart surrounded by
by the lungs
the heart is protected by
the ribs and sternum
what holds it in position
blood vessels
pericardium
a strong double walled sac
how does the pericardium feel
slippery
the purpose of pericardium
to reduce friction between the heart and the other organs it may touch
coronary arteries and coronary veins
small blood vessels that run on the surface of the heart and run to and from the heart muscles
what are the two large arteries that lead away from the heart
pulmonary artery and aorta
pulmonary artery
carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs
aorta
carries oxygenated blood to all the parts of the body
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
carries de-oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
pulmonary veins
bring oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the left side of the heart
how many chambers are in the human heart
four
structure of the two upper chambers
small and thin walled
function of the two upper chambers
they only pump blood over a short distance to the ventricles just below them
what are the two upper chambers called
atria (singular atrium)
what are the two lower chambers called
ventricles
structure of the two lower chambers
large and have thick muscular walls
function of the two lower chambers
pump blood over a long distance to the lungs and the rest of the body
septum
heart muscle that that separates the left atrium from the right atrium and the left ventricle from the right ventricle
how many valves does the heart have
four
name the valves found in the heart
tricuspid valve ,bicuspid valve ,two sets of semi -lunar valves
where does tricuspid occur
between the right atrium and the right ventricle
function of tricuspid
prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts
where does the bicuspid occur
occurs between the left atrium and the left ventricle
bicuspid function
prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts
where does the semi -lunar valves occur
at the beginning of the pulmonary artery and the other occurs at the beginning of the aorta
function of the semi -lunar valves
prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles when they relax
