gas exchange and gas transport in humans Flashcards
what happens as a result of inhalation
oxygen laden air is now within the alveoli of the lungs
what needs to happen with the oxygen in the alveoli
the oxygen needs to absorb into the blood capillaries of the alveoli
what needs to happen as the oxygen absorbs into the capillaries
at the same time carbon dioxide needs to leave the capillaries and enter the alveoli
what happens once the oxygen is within the blood capillaries
the oxygen has to be transported to the cells of the varies tissues
what happens when the oxygen reaches the cells
the oxygen needs to be used to for the breakdown of digested food to release energy and carbon dioxide
what happens to the carbon dioxide that is released
the carbon dioxide needs to get back into the blood capillaries and then transported into the alveolus
how does the blood arrive at the alveolus
via capillary branches of the pulmonary artery has a high concentration of carbon dioxide
what is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolus
there is a low concentration
how does the dissolved carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood
it diffuses through the endothelial walls of the capillaries and squamous epithelia wall of the alveolus
what is the concentration of oxygen in the blood and in the alveolus
the blood contains a low concentration of oxygen while the alveolus contains a high concentration of oxygen
how does the oxygen diffuse into the blood capillaries
the oxygen dissolves in a film of water lining the alveolus and diffuses through the alveolus walls and the walls of the blood capillaries and then enters the blood capillaries
how is oxyhaemoglobin formed
when the oxygen from the alveolus diffuses into the capillaries most of it immediately combines with hemoglobin of the red blood corpuscles of the blood
what goes into the blood plasma
a very small amount of oxygen diffusing into the blood capillaries goes into solution in the blood plasma
how is oxygen transported into the heart and then into the tissues
in two forms
1)in the form of oxyhaemoglobin
2) in solution in the blood plasma
characteristics of the blood arriving at the tissue via the capillaries branches of the arteries
has a high concentration of oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin
what happens to the oxyhaemoglobin in the capillary branches of the arteries
they break down into oxygen and haemoglobin
where does the oxygen diffuse through
through the capillary wall into the tissue fluid and then into the cells
how is the concentration of carbon dioxide
it is higher in the cells than in the tissue fluid and the blood in the capillaries
what results from the high concentration of carbon dioxide int the cells
carbon dioxide therefore diffuses from the cells into the tissue fluid and then into the blood capillaries
what happens when carbon dioxide from the tissue =s diffuses into the the blood capillaries
most of it reacts with water in the blood plasma to form carbonic acid first and then bicarbonate ions
what haopens to some carbon dioxide
1) some dissolves in the blood plasma
2)some combines with haemoglobin to form carbhaemoglobin
in what forms is carbon dioxide transported to the lungs
1)bicarbonate ions
2) in solution in the blood plasma
3)carbhaemoglobin
