Transport In Cells

Question 1

Define “net”

Answer 1

Overall

Question 2

Define concentration gradient

Answer 2

A measurement of how a concentration of a substance changes from one place to another

Question 3

What are alveoli

Answer 3

Tiny air sacs found in the lungs through which gases exchange between blood and air

Question 4

What are capillaries

Answer 4

Tiny blood vessels found between arteries and veins thag carry blood to organs and tissues

Question 5

What’s ventilation

Answer 5

Breathing in(inhaling) and breathing out (exhaling)

Question 6

What are villi (singular villus)

Answer 6

Tiny finger like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine

Question 7

What’s excretion

Answer 7

The removal of substances produced by chemical reactions inside cells from cell or organisms

Question 8

What’s diffusion

Answer 8

The process where particles of gases or liquids spread out from an area with lots of them to an area where there is less

The net movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration

Question 9

What are areas with lots of particles also known as

Answer 9

High concentration

Question 10

What are areas with fewer particles also known as

Answer 10

Lower concentration

Question 11

What kind of process is diffusion

Answer 11

A passive process so it happens naturally and no additional energy is needed

Question 12

Where in a body in does diffusion occur

Answer 12

In cell membrane

Question 13

Tell me how oxygen diffuses into lungs

Answer 13

We inhale high amounts of oxygen and as it enters alveoli it’s one tiny membrane from blood which has a lower concentration of oxygen so naturally it diffuses from alveoli to blood

Question 14

What happens when oxygen enters blood stream

Answer 14

The blood is now high in oxygen and reaches out tissues and organs, the blood travels through capillaries and is only a membrane away from closest cells, the cells have a low concentration of oxygen due to using it for respiration to release energy from glucose so oxygen moves from blood to cells

Question 15

Tell me how carbon dioxide diffuses

Answer 15

It goes in reverse direction as its produced in respiration it moves from Tissues and organs to blood and then to lungs through alveoli Which then we exhale

Question 16

List some ways how the lungs are adapted for diffusion

Answer 16

Lungs have a large surface area so more oxygen can enter blood stream at once

Have moist membranes which allow substances to diffuse faster

Having thin lining (usually one cell layer thick)

Having a rich blood supply

Ventilation (breathing) supplies a regular fresh supply of air

Question 17

Where in the body does diffusion also occur

Answer 17

The small intestine

Question 18

How does glucose diffuse in small intestine

Answer 18

Small intestine has high concentration of glucose and it crosses from villi to blood which travels to tissues and organs which have lower concentration of glucose due to using it for respiration

Question 19

Tell me about urea

Answer 19

Some cells make urea as a waste product which move from high to low concentration from blood to kidneys for excretion

Question 20

How does oxygen diffuse in insects

Answer 20

Instead of lungs insects have spiracles where oxygen diffuses from tubes into cells for respiration

Question 21

What is the maximum size of an insect partly determined by

Answer 21

The distance that oxygen can quickly diffuses into their cells

Question 22

What’s different about insects and humanss about volume and surface area ratios

Answer 22

Insects have a greater surface area to volume ration than in large organisms such as humans

So we need exchange surfaces like alveoli and villi

Question 23

How do fish diffuse oxygen

Answer 23

Fish absorbs oxygen through there gills by structures that have a large surface area, there are many finely divided sections added together which move oxygen to blood by diffusion

Question 24

How does the concentration gradient affect diffusion

Answer 24

The steeper the gradient(bigger different in number of particles in a high and low area) means the more likely particles are to diffuses down the concentration gradient

Question 25

How does temperature affect diffusion

Answer 25

Higher temps mean particles have more kinetic energy to they can move and spread faster

Question 26

How does the surface area of membrane affect diffusion

Answer 26

Larger surface area means more particles can diffuse at once so make diffusion faster

Question 27

What’s osmosis

Answer 27

the net diffusion of water from an area of high concentration of water to a lower concentration acros a partially permeable membrane

Question 28

What’s partially permeable

Answer 28

Allowing substances only of a certain size through

Question 29

What are stomata

Answer 29

Tiny holes in leaves bordered by guard cells this allow gases tk diffuse in and out

Question 30

What do we say about energy in osmosis

Answer 30

It’s diffusion in water and it’s a passive process so no extra energy needed

We says it is down a concentration gradient

Question 31

Tell me about osmosis in rain and soil

Answer 31

When is rain, the soil has a high concentration of water and it moves to plant root cells as its a lower concentration so water is osmosing into cells

Then water is carried up to leaves where most will evaporate through stomata holes (transpiration) so water wil always be carried up through roots and will always have a lower concentration

Question 32

What does isotonic mean

Answer 32

When 2 solutions have the same concentration of water and solute so there’s no overall movement - water moves in both directions, we call the solutions isotonic

Question 33

Give me an example of isotonic solutions

Answer 33

Red blood cells and our blood plasma are isotonic so water might osmosis out and into our red blood cells at same rate, likewise with plasma

Question 34

What’s hypertonic

Answer 34

When one solution has a higher concentration than the other the higher concentration solution is called hypertonic

Question 35

What’s hypotonic

Look it’s different to hypertonic!!

Answer 35

If one solution has a lower concentration than other the lower concentration solution is called hypotonic

Question 36

What’s active transport

Answer 36

The net movement of particles from an area of LOW TO HIGh concentration using energy

Question 37

What are mineral ions

Answer 37

Substances that are essential for healthy plant growth eg nitrates and magnesium

Question 38

How does active transport use energy

Answer 38

Energy comes from respiration

Energy needed as we say particles move up (or against) a concentration gradient so it’s not a passive process

Question 39

How do plants use active transport

Answer 39

They need to not only take water up through roots but mineral ions too, there’s a low concentration in soil but high in plants so need to use energy to get them

Question 40

How do humans use active transport

Answer 40

Not having a sugary meal means the lining of the small intestine uses energy to move sugar from low to high concentration - from gut to blood