Transport and Leisure Flashcards
1
Q
Define leisure
A
Use of free time for enjoyment
2
Q
Give an overview of Greyhound Racing pre-WWII
A
- Became more profitable for participants and hosts in 20s
- Possible to see major events for free
- Largest sport, after football, during interwar period
3
Q
Give an overview of Football pre-WWII
A
- 22 million a year attended professional football matches in 20s and 30s
- Struggled to continue during the Great Depression
4
Q
Give an overview of Greyhound Racing during WWII
A
- Initially all closed due to potential of being bombed
- Opened to boost morale
5
Q
Give an overview of Football during WWII
A
- Initially closed due to potential of being bombed
- Opened to boost public morale
- Often played charity matches
6
Q
Give an overview of Football post-WWII
A
- Increased government spending on sporting facilities, in order to complete internationally
- Due to economic hardships, tickets inevitably declined over time
- Growth in violence - ordinary fans witnessed the game overshadowed by football hooliganism - football associated with violence
- Potentially due to majority of audience being working-class - violence as a result of poverty conditions
7
Q
What did the Sport Council of GB say?
A
1972
‘Sport For All’
8
Q
How was football broadcasted?
A
- 1936 - BBC broadcasted live matches - feared that people would just listen from home, however radio broadcasts increased mass participation in football, thus money generated increased
- Development in technology led to an increase in British TV audiences’ access to sports around the world
1966 - 32 million people watched England defeat West Germany
9
Q
Explain the decline of football
A
- Fans watched sport instead of watching live
- Match of the Day 1964
- Increased violence at matches put people off
- Many club built fences - kept fans off pitch
10
Q
What act was passed in 1928? (Regarding holiday)
A
Holiday with Pay Act
- Strongly suggests employers pay for 3 consecutive days of holiday
By 1979, given 4 weeks of holiday
11
Q
What were boarding houses?
A
- Boarding houses offered a cheap option to stay at a countryside, often run by widows
- Became less attractive, as guests were not given their own key and weren’t able to stay out after certain times - people wanted a more individual experience
12
Q
What did holiday-goers begin to go to? (20s and 30s, after Boarding Houses)
A
- Day trips to Southend, Blackpool etc became popular for working-class families in 20s and 30s
- 1936, Butlins introduced - ‘week’s holiday for a week’s wages’
- Butlins dominated the working-class leisure market
- Began to decline in early 70s - didn’t like regimented nature of their time spent there - holidaymakers began to demand more individual holiday experiences
13
Q
Explain the slow change in ideas of foreign travel holidays?
A
- British holidaymakers suspicious of foreign cuisine found restaurants and bars that cooked ‘British food’
- As foreign holidays became more popular, British tastes for foreign food became more adventurous - many Britons returning with a taste for wine and pasta
- Butlins adapted to this, providing a wider option of foods
14
Q
How did expansion of leisure time lead to different hobbies?
A
- Men spent more time with their families
- Traditional escapes from family life, like pubs, declined in popularity
- Home ownership increased, pursuits like gardening and DIY increased in popularity
15
Q
What types of tourism developed post-war?
A
Caravanning
‘Hippy Trail’
16
Q
Explain caravanning
A
- One of the most popular means of travelling - enjoyed countryside in 60s
- Ownership of caravans increased as families wanted a less communal holiday
- 20% of all holidays in 60s, 50% of all holidays in 70s
17
Q
Explain the ‘hippy trail’
A
- Rising living standards and levels of education led to the development of alternative ideas in 70s
- Young people searching for an ‘authentic experience’ traveled a route to Nepal and India
- Went to largely safe places to travel for adventure-seeking Western tourists
- Living standards changed, attitudes towards leisure were exceedingly diverse
- Not everyone found the package holiday to be an attractive option
18
Q
What type of villages were popular for foreign travel? (60s and 70s)
A
Fishing villages (Benidorm etc) Often travelled to by British people, leading to a rise of hotels and restaurants in order to provide for British tourists
19
Q
How did customer service improve for holidays?
A
- Service became more personalised
- Hotels offered a wider choice of menus and developed leisure facilities like bars and gyms
- Increased spending power led to wider access to overseas travel and greater expectations from the consumers
- More elaborate entertainment, top acts, and more health and leisure facilities
20
Q
Explain the development of cars
A
- Increased ownership rapidly after WWI - 100k in 1919, 2 million in 1939
- Cheap, smaller cars made motoring affordable for middle class
- Driving tests introduced 1934
- Ministry of Transport - spent lots of money to improve roads in 30s
- After WWII - car ownership x2 due to end of petrol rationing and rises in income
- Houses and factories began to stretch out along roads (Ribbon Development) - easier for workers to travel to the factories
- Change in consumer habits - groceries easily carried in their car
21
Q
Explain the development of aeroplanes
A
- WWI - rapid improvement in designs of planes
- 1918 - flight could be a commercially visible option for travel
- 1923 - British Airways starts as a private company
- 1924 - Imperial Airways - supported by the government to promote image of British power
- Rapid growth in air transport after WWII - improvements in design, safety and economically
- Allowed Britons to enjoy holidays abroad
22
Q
Explain the development of trains
A
- 1921 Railway Act - Forces all rail companies to merge into 4
- Growth of railway encourages ribbon developments before cars and buses
- ‘Metro Land’ - Series of suburbs North of London linked to city centre by railway
- 1948 ‘Big Four’ - Merged into nationalised British Railway
23
Q
Give an overview of Cricket pre-WWII
A
- Most popular before football
- Struggled to continue during Great Depression
