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Britain Transformed > Transport and Leisure > Flashcards

Transport and Leisure Flashcards

1
Q

Define leisure

A

Use of free time for enjoyment

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2
Q

Give an overview of Greyhound Racing pre-WWII

A
  • Became more profitable for participants and hosts in 20s
  • Possible to see major events for free
  • Largest sport, after football, during interwar period
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3
Q

Give an overview of Football pre-WWII

A
  • 22 million a year attended professional football matches in 20s and 30s
  • Struggled to continue during the Great Depression
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4
Q

Give an overview of Greyhound Racing during WWII

A
  • Initially all closed due to potential of being bombed

- Opened to boost morale

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5
Q

Give an overview of Football during WWII

A
  • Initially closed due to potential of being bombed
  • Opened to boost public morale
  • Often played charity matches
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6
Q

Give an overview of Football post-WWII

A
  • Increased government spending on sporting facilities, in order to complete internationally
  • Due to economic hardships, tickets inevitably declined over time
  • Growth in violence - ordinary fans witnessed the game overshadowed by football hooliganism - football associated with violence
  • Potentially due to majority of audience being working-class - violence as a result of poverty conditions
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7
Q

What did the Sport Council of GB say?

A

1972

‘Sport For All’

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8
Q

How was football broadcasted?

A
  • 1936 - BBC broadcasted live matches - feared that people would just listen from home, however radio broadcasts increased mass participation in football, thus money generated increased
  • Development in technology led to an increase in British TV audiences’ access to sports around the world
    1966 - 32 million people watched England defeat West Germany
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9
Q

Explain the decline of football

A
  • Fans watched sport instead of watching live
  • Match of the Day 1964
  • Increased violence at matches put people off
  • Many club built fences - kept fans off pitch
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10
Q

What act was passed in 1928? (Regarding holiday)

A

Holiday with Pay Act
- Strongly suggests employers pay for 3 consecutive days of holiday
By 1979, given 4 weeks of holiday

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11
Q

What were boarding houses?

A
  • Boarding houses offered a cheap option to stay at a countryside, often run by widows
  • Became less attractive, as guests were not given their own key and weren’t able to stay out after certain times - people wanted a more individual experience
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12
Q

What did holiday-goers begin to go to? (20s and 30s, after Boarding Houses)

A
  • Day trips to Southend, Blackpool etc became popular for working-class families in 20s and 30s
  • 1936, Butlins introduced - ‘week’s holiday for a week’s wages’
  • Butlins dominated the working-class leisure market
  • Began to decline in early 70s - didn’t like regimented nature of their time spent there - holidaymakers began to demand more individual holiday experiences
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13
Q

Explain the slow change in ideas of foreign travel holidays?

A
  • British holidaymakers suspicious of foreign cuisine found restaurants and bars that cooked ‘British food’
  • As foreign holidays became more popular, British tastes for foreign food became more adventurous - many Britons returning with a taste for wine and pasta
  • Butlins adapted to this, providing a wider option of foods
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14
Q

How did expansion of leisure time lead to different hobbies?

A
  • Men spent more time with their families
  • Traditional escapes from family life, like pubs, declined in popularity
  • Home ownership increased, pursuits like gardening and DIY increased in popularity
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15
Q

What types of tourism developed post-war?

A

Caravanning

‘Hippy Trail’

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16
Q

Explain caravanning

A
  • One of the most popular means of travelling - enjoyed countryside in 60s
  • Ownership of caravans increased as families wanted a less communal holiday
  • 20% of all holidays in 60s, 50% of all holidays in 70s
17
Q

Explain the ‘hippy trail’

A
  • Rising living standards and levels of education led to the development of alternative ideas in 70s
  • Young people searching for an ‘authentic experience’ traveled a route to Nepal and India
  • Went to largely safe places to travel for adventure-seeking Western tourists
  • Living standards changed, attitudes towards leisure were exceedingly diverse
  • Not everyone found the package holiday to be an attractive option
18
Q

What type of villages were popular for foreign travel? (60s and 70s)

A 
Fishing villages (Benidorm etc)
Often travelled to by British people, leading to a rise of hotels and restaurants in order to provide for British tourists
19
Q

How did customer service improve for holidays?

A
  • Service became more personalised
  • Hotels offered a wider choice of menus and developed leisure facilities like bars and gyms
  • Increased spending power led to wider access to overseas travel and greater expectations from the consumers
  • More elaborate entertainment, top acts, and more health and leisure facilities
20
Q

Explain the development of cars

A
  • Increased ownership rapidly after WWI - 100k in 1919, 2 million in 1939
  • Cheap, smaller cars made motoring affordable for middle class
  • Driving tests introduced 1934
  • Ministry of Transport - spent lots of money to improve roads in 30s
  • After WWII - car ownership x2 due to end of petrol rationing and rises in income
  • Houses and factories began to stretch out along roads (Ribbon Development) - easier for workers to travel to the factories
  • Change in consumer habits - groceries easily carried in their car
21
Q

Explain the development of aeroplanes

A
  • WWI - rapid improvement in designs of planes
  • 1918 - flight could be a commercially visible option for travel
  • 1923 - British Airways starts as a private company
  • 1924 - Imperial Airways - supported by the government to promote image of British power
  • Rapid growth in air transport after WWII - improvements in design, safety and economically
  • Allowed Britons to enjoy holidays abroad
22
Q

Explain the development of trains

A
  • 1921 Railway Act - Forces all rail companies to merge into 4
  • Growth of railway encourages ribbon developments before cars and buses
  • ‘Metro Land’ - Series of suburbs North of London linked to city centre by railway
  • 1948 ‘Big Four’ - Merged into nationalised British Railway
23
Q

Give an overview of Cricket pre-WWII

A
  • Most popular before football

- Struggled to continue during Great Depression

Britain Transformed (22 decks)

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