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Britain Transformed > Industrial > Flashcards

Industrial Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the condition of the relationship of industrial workers and the government post WWI?

A
  • Industrial workers experienced long-term industrial neglect, and thus a massive increase in workers joining trade unions
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2
Q

When was the Black Friday Strike?

A

1921

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3
Q

Explain the Black Friday Strike

A
  • Lloyd’s government wanted to decrease wages due to economic issues after WWI
  • Tried to dock miners’ waged - rest of Triple Alliance did not strike, as they were not prepared
  • Failed
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4
Q

What is the Triple Alliance?

A

Alliance between railwaymen, miners, and other transport workers

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5
Q

When was the May General Strike?

A

1926

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6
Q

Explain the May General Strike

A
  • Called by TUC
  • Attempted to force British government to prevent wage reductions (unsuccessful)
  • 3 million workers went out on strike
  • TUC eventually gave in
  • Miners continued until November
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7
Q

What did the May General Strike lead to?

A

1927 Trade Disputes Act - sympathetic strikes were now illegal, leading to a dip in TU membership

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8
Q

What were the impacts of the Great Depression?

A
  • Unemployment never fell below 1 mil in Interwar period
  • 3 million in 1932 (unemployed men)
  • Working conditions remained poverty stricken
  • Traditional heavy industries (coal, steel etc.) began to decline, due to new technologies
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9
Q

What implications did WWII have?

A
  • Changed attitudes - more women in workplace, leading to better working conditions during war
  • Improved healthcare
  • Some strikes during the war over wages and hours (not many)
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10
Q

What was the film ‘I’m Alright Jack’ implying?

When was it?

A

1959

  • Showed working people as pathetic - wanted to strike after every inconvenience
  • Was watched by authoritative figures like the Queen
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11
Q

Explain the benefits of being in a ‘white collar’ job

A
  • higher average income
  • more difficult to lose job due to new technological developments
  • greater mobility
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12
Q

What did the Atlee Government do in terms of improving Industrial relations?

A
  • worked with unions
  • nationalised key industries
  • repealed Trade Disputes Act of 1927 - giving TUs more power
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13
Q

Explain the conditions of the 50s for workers

A
  • high TU membership

- more strikes than before

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14
Q

What happened with Harold Wilson’s Labour government? 1964-70

A
  • Number of Wildcat Strikes (unofficial) increased
  • Evident that TUs couldn’t control their members
  • 3 million working days lost each year
  • Traditional Industries often left behind in pay rises
  • Increasing inflation led to growing militancy
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15
Q

What was introduced with Wilson’s Labour government, and what did it do?

A

1969 - In Place of Strike

+ National wage increased
+ TUC and government were close

  • Secretary of State could order those in wildcat strikes to get back to work
  • Disputes between unions would go to an industrial board
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16
Q

What happened with Edward Heath’s Conservative government? 70-74

A
  • Time of soaring inflation
  • TUC refused to comply and co-operate
  • Heath’s gov hesitant when enforcing new rules
  • Miners were considered the biggest threat to gov
  • Introduced 1971 Industrial Relations Act - reduced TU power immensely
17
Q

Explain the situation with the Miners (Heath’s Gov)

A
  • Constantly underpaid
  • Felt excluded from the nation’s prosperity
  • National Coal Board had closed over 400 pits, making over 400k workers redundant
18
Q

Explain the ‘flying pickets’

A

A new tactic to strike, invented by Arthur Scargill (high profile union member during Heath’s gov)
Miners would blockade power stations and coal depots
In 1972 - tactic decreased electricity output to 25%

19
Q

Explain the times of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan’s Labour gov

A

+ they repealed Heath’s Industrial Relations Act - negotiated a social contract (voluntary prices and wages control agreement)
+ Callaghan replaced Wilson - unions complied with Callaghan’s call for wage restraint
- Winter of Discontent 78-79

20
Q

What and when was the Winter of Discontent?

A

1978-79

  • Strict 5% pay rise for low-paid workers, to combat inflation led to strikes
  • Ford workers began strike, and many others followed
  • Rubbish everywhere, power cuts, bodies not buried
  • Hospital staff on strike - most schools, museums, libraries shut etc
  • Gov accepted defeat - allowed for 10-15% pay increase

Britain Transformed (22 decks)

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