transport and diffusion of O2 Flashcards
what is the standard unit of pressure and what is it measured in?
Pascal Pa
Kilopascal Kpa
why are pressures important?
Pressures help explain how O2 and CO2 diffuse in lungs
what pressure do gases diffuse across a membrane from?
High to low pressure
What happens when air is drawn into the lungs?
Oxygen flows into blood and delivered to cells
What does a circulatory system used to transfer oxygen?
98% haemoglobin and one percent dissolved plasma
What is hemoglobin?
haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that bonds with oxygen and transports it around body
where does carbon dioxide flow when it’s removed from cells?
Carbon dioxide will flow into the blood
carbon dioxide is exhaled. Where will it flow?
It will flow into the alveoli
why does CO2 accumulate in cells?
Due to cellular respiration and diffuse into blood
how is CO2 transported?
the different ways
-CO2 is dissolved in plasma
-Attaches to haemoglobin
-Reacts with water and plasma to form carbonic acid
CO2 reforms at lungs to cross alveolus
What is hypoxia?
altitude sickness
Oxygen gas is present in the same proportion as low altitude
Less oxygen available for breathing
in Hypoxia what are responses to meet oxygen needs?
increased breathing rate
Increase production of red blood cells using erythropoietin made from kidneys
in hypoxia, what are genetic adaptations of high altitude populations?
more alveoli
more lung Capillaries
in concentration of carbon dioxide, what does physical exertion result to?
Results to increased cellular respiration which produces CO2 and lowers pH of blood
what happens to excess CO2 present in blood after gas exchange
extra CO2 in blood is carried to the medulla oblongata
what does the medulla oblongata do?
Increases breathing rate
Initiates contraction of rib cage and diaphragm
why does heart rate increase?
Heart rate increases so O2 is delivered to cells and CO2 is removed faster
in concentration of oxygen, what do chemoreceptors in blood do?
They detect if oxygen drops below a certain level and send a message to the medulla oblongata to increase breathing
What does stretch receptors do and where are they located?
located in the alveoli
They detect deep inhalation and send a message to medulla oblongata to stop inhalation
