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biology BODY SYSTEMS > The cardiac cycle > Flashcards

The cardiac cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Relaxation and filling heart with blood blood

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2
Q

what is the syastole phase in the cardiac cycle?

A

Contraction and emptying the heart

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3
Q

The heart is a myogenic muscle. What does that mean?

A

it means it can relax and contract on its own

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4
Q

explain the process of how the heart rate is controlled and the steps of the nodes

A

The heart rate is controlled by a set of cells in the right atrium called SA node

The SA note is the pacemaker of the heart

The SA node send an electrical impulse to the atria, causing them to contract

The electrical impulse is then passed to a second note called the AV note located between the right atrium and right ventricle

Once noticed stimulated it send electrical impulse down HIS bundles to large nerve fibres called perkinje fibres

perkinje fibres carry the impulse to bottom of ventricles, causing them to contract

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5
Q

what happens when the heart rate increases and why does it increase?

A

Heart rate increases when stressed

It increases oxygen supply to cells

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6
Q

what two autonomic nerves control the heart rate as well? And what are they connected to?

A

The vagus nerve which slows down the heart rate

The cardio accelerator nerve which speeds up heart rate

Connected to the SA node

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7
Q

What is an electrocardiograph?

A

A device that detects electrical activity of the heart

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8
Q

what is the P-wave QRS wave and T wave?

A

– P-wave; atrium contraction
QRS wave; ventricle contraction
– T wave; ventricles relaxing/recovered

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9
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Force of blood against walls of arteries

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10
Q

what is systolic blood pressure?

A

Pressure in artery when heart is contracting

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11
Q

what is diastolic blood pressure?

A

Pressure in artery when heart is relaxing

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12
Q

What is hypertension and effects on the body?

A

increases blood pressure in arteries

Heart becomes overworked
Arteries get damaged
Blood clots

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13
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

Loss of elasticity because too much pressure in arteries

Caused by Hypertension, age, plaque buildup

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14
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

Narrowing of arteries due to plaques, fats, calcium

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15
Q

What is coronary artery disease? And common factors.

A

plaque buildup in coronary artery
Common factors; increasing age, family history, sex

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16
Q

what is the good cholesterol and bad cholesterol

A

HDL is the good cholesterol
LDL is bad cholesterol

17
Q

what does high LDL cholesterol in the blood contribute to?

A

Plaque buildup on walls of arteries

18
Q

what is the heart attack caused by and symptoms?

A

Caused by blockage of an artery that supplies heart with blood cutting off O2 supply to cardiac cells

Symptoms
Chest pain, pain in left arm

19
Q

When does the ischaemic stroke occur?

A

When a clot in blood vessel blocks flow of blood to brain

20
Q

When does a haemorrhagic stroke occur?

A

occurs when a blood vessel in brain bursts and blood flows to surrounding brain tissues

21
Q

what do ischaemic and hemorrhagic strokes kill?

A

Kill brain cells

22
Q

what is angioplasty?

A

Opening up a blocked artery by using a balloon to push plaque against artery wall and place a stent to make sure artery stays open

23
Q

what is coronary bypass surgery?

A

Taking a section of healthy artery or vein to create new pathway for blood flow around blockage

24
Q

What is aneurysm?
what does blood pressure do to aneurysm?

A

bulge in artery
Blood pressure can cause the aneurysm to grow larger

25
Q

What is regurgitation in heart valve disease?

A

when a valve doesn’t close and blood flows backwards instead of forward

26
Q

what is stenosis in heart valves disease?

A

When valve opening is narrowed from bloodflow

27
Q

what is arrhythmia? What can it lead to and how can it be treated?

A

-Arrhythmia is problem with the speed of heartbeat

-Can lead to insufficient blood flow to organs

-Can be treated with an artificial pacemaker

28
Q

what is cogenital heart defect?

A

Present since birth
Problems in the walls, dividing heart chambers

Diagnosed by CT or MRI scans

29
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Cancer of white blood cells

30
Q

what is myeloid leukemia?

A

Immature leucocytes that can’t fight infection

31
Q

what is lymphoid leukemia?

A

Lymphocytes that can’t perform their immunity role

32
Q

How can leukaemia be treated?

A

Blood transfusion, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplant

33
Q

where is the SA node located?

A

They are cells in the right atrium

34
Q

Where is the AV node located?

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

35
Q

Can you repair valve?

A

Yes

biology BODY SYSTEMS (6 decks)

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