need for circulatory system Flashcards
What are the roles of the circulatory system
-Delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells
-Removes waste products
-Pathway for immune system
-Controls body temperature (in animals)
what are the Fundamental features of circulatory systems
-blood that transports materials throughout the body
-blood vessels where fluid circulates
-a heart that pushes fluid through tubes
where is the open circulatory system found and what is it?
-Found in invertebrates
-A transport system where blood doesn’t stay in blood vessels
-usually a single vessel
what is the closed circulatory system
-blood is contained in blood vessels
-Blood is transported in one direction throughout body in blood vessels
Examples: earthworms, birds, humans
what are the 3 types of circulation
complete single circulation
incomplete double circulation
complete double circulation
What is complete single circulation and example
-Two chambered heart
-Complete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix
blood moves through heart only 1 time
Example: Fish
what is Incomplete, double circulation
-Three chambered heart
-Double because the blood is carried through the heart twice
-Incomplete because oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in ventricle of heart
Example: Frog
what is Complete, double circulation
-Four chambered heart
-Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood stays separated in blood vessels and heart
Example: Mammals
how many circuit circulatory systems do mammals have
-2 circuit circulatory system
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit
What is Pulmonary circuit in mammals
circulates blood to lungs for gas exchange
what is Systemic circuit in mammals
circulates blood around body to deliver oxygen to body cells
what are the two components of blood
plasma
cellular component
what are the functions of the blood?
TRANSPORTATION
Nutrients and O2 diffuse from the blood into tissues then into cells
-CO2 and metabolic wastes move in reverse direction
-protect from disease
-temperature regulation
how does a circulatory system regulate temperature?
by changing volume of blood flowing near skin
what is it called when blood vessels expand to release heat and contract to conserve heat?
Expand to release heat
= vasodilation
Contract to conserve heat= vasoconstriction
What is plasma made up of
90% water
-dissovled substances: glucose, oxygen, vitamins, minerals
-dissovled ions like Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl
PROTIENS: albumins, globulins, fibrinogens
what does the protein Albumins do
determinesamount of water that leaves and enters cell by diffusion
what does Globulins proteins do
transport liquids like
cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins
What does the protein Fibrinogen do
Fibrinogen: blood clotting
What are white blood cells called?
what do they fight?
when do they increase?
where are they formed?
do they have a nucleus?
Called leukocytes
fight pathogens
Increase when sick
Formed in bone marrow
Have a nucleus
what are red blood cells called and what do they do?
erythrocytes
Transport O2 from lungs to body and CO2 from body back to lungs
what oxygen carrying protein does red blood cells contain ?
hemoglobin
what does biconcave shape of hemoglobin protein do
Increase surface area for gas exchange
what are platelets made in and function and what do they stick to?
Made in bone marrow
Function : blood clotting
Stick to fibres on blood vessel
what does fibrinogen do
-fibrinogen in blood it is turned into fibrin
-forms of mesh trap that traps platelets
And blood cells
how do you count blood cells
A machine called hemocytometer
what is anemia?
-condition where there’s low erythrocyte count
-less O2 in cells
what does erythropoietin do
Stimulates production of red blood cells
