resiratory system Flashcards
Why is oxygen needed?
Oxygen is needed to obtain food through a process called aerobic cellular respiration
when is energy released in cells?
And what form is the energy stored in?
when glucose reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
Energy is stored as ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
when does gas exchange occur?
Gas exchange occurs when oxygen diffuses into the body cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out the body cells
Gas exchange occurs in which two locations. explain each one
Lungs: oxygen diffuses from the air into bloodstream.CO2 diffuses from bloodstream to the lungs and back into the air
Body cells: oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells, and CO2 diffuses from the cells back into bloodstream
what is ventilation?
Moving oxygen rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide rich air out the lungs
What four features does the respiratory system have to help it properly function?
permeable respiratory membrane which diffusion occurs
Large surface area for gas exchange
Good blood supply
Breathing system
explain features of the nose
The nose is line with hair to trap dust
Nasal passage is covered with mucus membrane to warm and air
Ciliated cells line the nasal passage
they move mucus to throat
explain them mouth
Slightly warms air, but doesnt add much moisture or filter dirt
explain the pharynx
Connects the nose to the mouth
explain the epiglottis
it closes trachea during swallowing, but stays open during breathing
Explain the larynx
The larynx contains thin membranes that vibrate to make sound when you exhale
Explain the trachea
-allows air into bronchi
-Has cartilage rings to prevent collapse
-Walls have mucus, producing cells and Cilia
-Divides into two bronchi
explain bronchi
Passage of air to lungs
Branch into smaller bronchioles
explain bronchioles
Pass air into the alveoli
explain alveoli, how thick are their membranes and what are they lined with
-Sight of gas exchange
-Moist sacs that expand when we inhale
-Membranes are one cell thick, surrounded by capillaries for better diffusion
-lined with lipoprotein to prevent collapse
what two muscular structures help in breathing
intercostal muscles and diaphragm
What are intercoastal muscles?
Rib cage muscles that expanded contract rib cage
What is the diaphragm?
it’s a Muscle that separates region of lung from region of stomach and liver
Expand and contract chest cavity
What is the composition of inhaled air?
O2
CO2
N
Plus other gases
is concentration in O2 inhaled air, greater than the concentration of O2 in blood? explain
yes
That means O2 diffuses across capillary wall from air to blood
is concentration of CO2 in blood greater than the concentration of CO2 inhaled air?
YES
This means CO2 diffuses across alveoli from blood to air
Explain the mechanism of inhalation
-Intercoastal muscles contract (expand rib cage)
-diaphragm contracts and moves down and chest cavity
-Lungs expand outward
-Chest cavity volume increases
-Air pressure decreases in cavity
-Air pressure in lungs is less than external environment
-Air enters lungs
Explain the mechanism of exhalation
-Intercoastal muscles, relax
-Diaphragm relaxes and moves up chest cavity
-lungs move inward
-Chest cavity volume decreases
-Air pressure increases in cavity
-Air pressure in lungs is more than external environment
-air is removed from lung
