resiratory system

Question 1

Why is oxygen needed?

Answer 1

Oxygen is needed to obtain food through a process called aerobic cellular respiration

Question 2

when is energy released in cells?
And what form is the energy stored in?

Answer 2

when glucose reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water

Energy is stored as ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 3

when does gas exchange occur?

Answer 3

Gas exchange occurs when oxygen diffuses into the body cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out the body cells

Question 4

Gas exchange occurs in which two locations. explain each one

Answer 4

Lungs: oxygen diffuses from the air into bloodstream.CO2 diffuses from bloodstream to the lungs and back into the air
Body cells: oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells, and CO2 diffuses from the cells back into bloodstream

Question 5

what is ventilation?

Answer 5

Moving oxygen rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide rich air out the lungs

Question 6

What four features does the respiratory system have to help it properly function?

Answer 6

permeable respiratory membrane which diffusion occurs

Large surface area for gas exchange

Good blood supply

Breathing system

Question 7

explain features of the nose

Answer 7

The nose is line with hair to trap dust

Nasal passage is covered with mucus membrane to warm and air

Ciliated cells line the nasal passage
they move mucus to throat

Question 8

explain them mouth

Answer 8

Slightly warms air, but doesnt add much moisture or filter dirt

Question 9

explain the pharynx

Answer 9

Connects the nose to the mouth

Question 10

explain the epiglottis

Answer 10

it closes trachea during swallowing, but stays open during breathing

Question 11

Explain the larynx

Answer 11

The larynx contains thin membranes that vibrate to make sound when you exhale

Question 12

Explain the trachea

Answer 12

-allows air into bronchi
-Has cartilage rings to prevent collapse
-Walls have mucus, producing cells and Cilia
-Divides into two bronchi

Question 13

explain bronchi

Answer 13

Passage of air to lungs
Branch into smaller bronchioles

Question 14

explain bronchioles

Answer 14

Pass air into the alveoli

Question 15

explain alveoli, how thick are their membranes and what are they lined with

Answer 15

-Sight of gas exchange

-Moist sacs that expand when we inhale

-Membranes are one cell thick, surrounded by capillaries for better diffusion

-lined with lipoprotein to prevent collapse

Question 16

what two muscular structures help in breathing

Answer 16

intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Question 17

What are intercoastal muscles?

Answer 17

Rib cage muscles that expanded contract rib cage

Question 18

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 18

it’s a Muscle that separates region of lung from region of stomach and liver

Expand and contract chest cavity

Question 19

What is the composition of inhaled air?

Answer 19

O2
CO2
N
Plus other gases

Question 20

is concentration in O2 inhaled air, greater than the concentration of O2 in blood? explain

Answer 20

yes
That means O2 diffuses across capillary wall from air to blood

Question 21

is concentration of CO2 in blood greater than the concentration of CO2 inhaled air?

Answer 21

No
This means CO2 diffuses across alveoli from blood to air

Question 22

Explain the mechanism of inhalation

Answer 22

-Intercoastal muscles contract (expand rib cage)
-diaphragm contracts and moves down and chest cavity

-Lungs expand outward

-Chest cavity volume increases

-Air pressure decreases in cavity

-Air pressure in lungs is less than external environment

-Air enters lungs

Question 23

Explain the mechanism of exhalation

Answer 23

-Intercoastal muscles, relax

-Diaphragm relaxes and moves up chest cavity

-lungs move inward

-Chest cavity volume decreases

-Air pressure increases in cavity

-Air pressure in lungs is more than external environment

-air is removed from lung