Transport and circulation

Question 1

What is the importance of transport and circulation?

Answer 1

To provide nutrients and oxygen and to transport useful molecules

Question 2

Why are O2 and nutrients transported by diffusion?

Answer 2

Low rate of metabolic reactions therefore small distance btwn the environment and the center of the organism so small surface area to volume ratio

Question 3

What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?

Answer 3

Conc. gradient and sa to V ratio and Distance

Question 4

What is Fick’s law?

Answer 4

The rate of diffusion equals conc times sa to v ratio over distance

Question 5

What is the mass flow system?

Answer 5

Arrangement of structure by which substances are transported in the flow of a fluid with a mechanism for moving it around the body

Question 6

Is diffusion sufficient and why?

Answer 6

High rate of metabolic reactions and the SA to V ratio is small and the distance to travel is large

Question 7

Feature 1 of mass transport system

Answer 7

Exchange surfaces to get material into and out of the transport system

Question 8

Feature 2 of mass transport system

Answer 8

A system of vessels that carry substances

Question 9

Feature 3 of mass transport system

Answer 9

A way to ensure that substances are moving in the right direction

Question 10

Feature 4 of mass transport system

Answer 10

A way of moving materials fast enough to supply the needs of an organism

Question 11

What are the types of circulation?

Answer 11

Single and double

Question 12

Advantages of double circulation

Answer 12

Oxygenated blood delivered quickly at high blood pressure
Prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood so the supply of oxygen to the tissues is maximized
Separating systemic and pulmonary circulation has the advantage of having 2 circulations with 2 blood pressures

Question 13

What is blood?

Answer 13

A fluid that moves through the vessels of a circulatory system

Question 14

What’s a plasma?

Answer 14

The main component of blood consists of mostly water with protein, ions, nutrients, and water mixed in it

Question 15

What are red blood cells?

Answer 15

Responsible for carrying oxygen and CO2

Question 16

What are White blood cells?

Answer 16

Part of the immune system and function in the immune response

Question 17

Why is the sigmoid curve shaped like and S?

Answer 17

The first O2 binds to the HB and changes the arrangement of the molecule making it easier and faster for the second one and following

Question 18

What is Affinity?

Answer 18

The ability to bind with something

Question 19

How does the transport of CO2 occur?

Answer 19

The red blood cells receive Co2 from the body tissues and diffuse O2 to it which then the CO2 reacts with the H2O in the RBC to form H2CO3 which will be broken down to H and HCO3 and the H binds to the HB which acts as a buffer and then breaks down again into CO2 and H2O as CO2 diffuses to the lungs as O2 diffuses into the RBC

Question 20

What is the BHOR effect?

Answer 20

The way hemoglobin collects and releases oxygen is affected by proportion of CO2 in the tissue

Question 21

What is Myoglobin?

Answer 21

A pigment found in muscles that act as a storage of O2 for emergencies