Transport and circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the importance of transport and circulation?

A

To provide nutrients and oxygen and to transport useful molecules

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2
Q

Why are O2 and nutrients transported by diffusion?

A

Low rate of metabolic reactions therefore small distance btwn the environment and the center of the organism so small surface area to volume ratio

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3
Q

What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?

A

Conc. gradient and sa to V ratio and Distance

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4
Q

What is Fick’s law?

A

The rate of diffusion equals conc times sa to v ratio over distance

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5
Q

What is the mass flow system?

A

Arrangement of structure by which substances are transported in the flow of a fluid with a mechanism for moving it around the body

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6
Q

Is diffusion sufficient and why?

A

High rate of metabolic reactions and the SA to V ratio is small and the distance to travel is large

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7
Q

Feature 1 of mass transport system

A

Exchange surfaces to get material into and out of the transport system

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8
Q

Feature 2 of mass transport system

A

A system of vessels that carry substances

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9
Q

Feature 3 of mass transport system

A

A way to ensure that substances are moving in the right direction

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10
Q

Feature 4 of mass transport system

A

A way of moving materials fast enough to supply the needs of an organism

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11
Q

What are the types of circulation?

A

Single and double

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12
Q

Advantages of double circulation

A

Oxygenated blood delivered quickly at high blood pressure
Prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood so the supply of oxygen to the tissues is maximized
Separating systemic and pulmonary circulation has the advantage of having 2 circulations with 2 blood pressures

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13
Q

What is blood?

A

A fluid that moves through the vessels of a circulatory system

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14
Q

What’s a plasma?

A

The main component of blood consists of mostly water with protein, ions, nutrients, and water mixed in it

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15
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Responsible for carrying oxygen and CO2

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16
Q

What are White blood cells?

A

Part of the immune system and function in the immune response

17
Q

Why is the sigmoid curve shaped like and S?

A

The first O2 binds to the HB and changes the arrangement of the molecule making it easier and faster for the second one and following

18
Q

What is Affinity?

A

The ability to bind with something

19
Q

How does the transport of CO2 occur?

A

The red blood cells receive Co2 from the body tissues and diffuse O2 to it which then the CO2 reacts with the H2O in the RBC to form H2CO3 which will be broken down to H and HCO3 and the H binds to the HB which acts as a buffer and then breaks down again into CO2 and H2O as CO2 diffuses to the lungs as O2 diffuses into the RBC

20
Q

What is the BHOR effect?

A

The way hemoglobin collects and releases oxygen is affected by proportion of CO2 in the tissue

21
Q

What is Myoglobin?

A

A pigment found in muscles that act as a storage of O2 for emergencies