Organic molecules Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the main role of carbs?
To store energy for the body
What is a monosaccharide?
It is 1 ring of sugar
What are the 3 monosaccharides?
Glucose , Fructose, and galactose
Property 1 of glucose
Small molecule
Property 2 of glucose
Water soluble
Property 3 of glucose
Disturbs osmosis balance
Where is the OH in Alpha glucose?
Under the plane
Where is the OH in Beta Glucose?
Above the plane
What are Disaccharides?
2 Monosaccharides joined together in a condensation reaction forming a 1,4 glycosidic bond and water
What are the Disaccharides?
Sucrose , Maltose , and lactose
What is sucrose made up of?
Alpha glucose and fructose
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
When water molecule is added to break the glycosidic bond
What are polysaccharides?
Many monosaccharides bound together
Property 1 in polysaccharides
They are inactive in both chemical and physical reactions
Property 2 in polysaccharides
They are not very soluble in water therefore it wont affect the osmotic potential
Property 3 of polysaccharides
They are large molecules meaning they cannot pass through membranes
What are the types of polysaccharides?
Starch , Glycogen, and cellulose
Property 1 of starch
It is insoluble
Property 2 of starch
Can be broken down rapidly
Is starch functional or structural?
Functional
What is starch?
A polysaccharide made up of amylose and amylopectin
Property 1of amylose
Unbranched
Property 2 of amylose
Has 1-4 glycosidic bond
Property 3 of amylose
Reason for the blue-black color change
Property 4 of amylose
Soluble in water
Property 1 of amylopectin
Branched
Property 2 of amylopectin
Has a 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bond
Property 3 of amylopectin
Insoluble in water
Property 4 of amylopectin
Gives yellow-orange color
What do amylose and amylopectin have in common?
Both are stored in the plant cell and they both are polymers of alpha glucose
Is glycogen functional or structural?
Glycogen is functional
What do amylopectin and glycogen have in common?
They both have the same glycosidic bond formation however glycogen is more branched
Is cellulose functional or structural?
Cellulose is structural
How is cellulose formed?
Cellulose is made up of beta glucose which is bonded by 1-4 glycosidic bonds which makes every other molecule inverted to form a straight chain that forms hydrogen bonds between the cellulose making cellulose microfibers which are then connected together and glued together by hemicellulose which then they form cellulose molecules/ fibers
