CVD

Question 1

What is CVD?

Answer 1

Disease of the heart, and blood vessels which can result in narrowing of the lumen of the arteries, atherosclerosis, and thrombus

Question 2

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

Hardening of arteries because of the build-up of fatty deposits on the inside of the arteries

Question 3

What happens when CVD occurs?

Answer 3

When one of the branches is completely blocked → the part of the muscle beneath the blockage will be deprived of oxygen and nutrients →no ATP formation → cells start to die →no contractions →called a heart attack

Question 4

How does atherosclerosis occur?

Answer 4

Endothelial dysfunction will damage the endothelial lining of the artery then an inflammatory response occurs where the white blood cells arrive at the sight of the damage and start to accumulate chemicals from the blood esp cholesterol and then calcium salts and fibrous tissues will be built up leading to hardened plaque formation then as a result the artery is narrowed and it becomes less elastic increasing the blood pressure therefore the platelets will tend to collect at the site of the exposed and rough area

Question 5

Other causes of CVD 1

Answer 5

High blood pressure due to the narrowing of the artery which increases the chance of damaging the tiny vessels that supply many places

Question 6

Other causes of CVD 2

Answer 6

Sometimes thrombus detaches and circulates free in the blood (Embolus) which can cause a bigger blockage

Question 7

Other causes of CVD 3

Answer 7

In narrowed arteries by plaque, the blood tends to build up behind the blockage, and the artery bulges under high blood pressure, pushing against the walls of the artery which will weaken the artery ( called an aneurysm), and the artery might rupture.

Question 8

Other cause 4 of CVD

Answer 8

Heart diseases such as angina and Myocardial infarction

Question 9

Why are heart attacks caused?

Answer 9

Due to the complete blockage of fatty deposits or due to a blood clot caused by atherosclerosis

Question 10

Why do strokes occur?

Answer 10

Due to bleeding from a damaged capillary and due to a blood clot in an artery leading to the brain

Question 11

Why is atherosclerosis a risk factor for CVD?

Answer 11

Causes thickening of the artery wall
Causes blockage /narrowing of the artery
Reduces blood flow
Depriving the heart muscle of oxygen and nutrients