transport ✓

Question 1

what is the blood made up of ?

Answer 1

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

Question 2

what is the role of plasma when transporting carbon dioxide ?

Answer 2

carries carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs

Question 3

what is the role of plasma when transporting digested food ?

Answer 3

carries digested food from the gut to all the body cells

Question 4

what is the role of plasma when transporting urea ?

Answer 4

carries urea from the liver to the kidneys

Question 5

what is the role of plasma when transporting hormones ?

Answer 5

carries hormones which act as chemical messengers

Question 6

what is the other thing that plasma transports ?

Answer 6

heat energy

Question 7

what are the adaptations of red blood cells that make them suitable for transporting oxygen ?

Answer 7

• have small biconcave shape to give a large surface area for absorbing and releasing oxygen
• don’t have a nucleus which frees up space for more haemoglobin to carry more oxygen
• contains haemoglobin which contains a lot of iron in the lungs haemoglobin reacts with oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin, in body tissues the reverse reaction happens to release oxygen to the cells

Question 8

how does the structure of the arteries relate to its function ?

Answer 8

carry blood away from heart and have a thick layer of muscle to pump the blood away, narrow space inside so blood doesn’t return towards the heart

Question 9

how does the structure of the veins relate to its function ?

Answer 9

carry blood to heart, have valves to stop blood flowing away from heart, thin layer of muscle because not pumping very strongly, wide space inside so more blood can flow back and blood flows at low pressure

Question 10

how does the structure of the capillaries relate to its function ?

Answer 10

connect arteries to veins, thin walls so the food and oxygen can diffuse through cells, slow speed to allow exchange of materials

Question 11

why can unicellular organisms rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell ?

Answer 11

decrease in distance which increases the rate at which substances can be diffused in or out of a cell

Question 12

why does a multicellular organisms need a transport system ?

Answer 12

• have too small of a surface area to volume ratio diffusion would be slow
• need one to transport waste and nutrients round the organism

Question 13

how does heat rate change during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline ?

Answer 13

it increases

Question 14

what factors increase the risk of coronary heart disease ?

Answer 14

• obesity - causes arteries to become narrow due to fatty material building up and blood flow becomes restricted
• smoking - increases blood pressure cause damage to inside of coronary arteries - chemicals in smoke cause damage
• lack of exercise - leads to high blood pressure damages lining of arteries