Transplantation and Immunosuppressive drugs

Question 1

What are the 4 types of donor/recipient relationship?

Answer 1

Autologous (from own self so genetically identical)
Syngeneic (from another individual but genetically identical)
Allogeneic - (donor and recipient are different and not genetically identical)
Xenogeneic (donot and recipient are diff and also diff speciies)

Question 2

Why do autologous and syngeneic donors and recipient relation not caus immune response?

Answer 2

Donor and recipeient are genetically identical

Question 3

Give an example of autologous and syngeneic trnaplant?

Answer 3

Autologous - skin graft

Syngeneic - between twins

Question 4

Give an example of allogeneic transplant?

Answer 4

Between siblings (brother and sister)

Question 5

Give an example of a xenogeneic transplant?

Answer 5

Pig valve used in transplant in humans

Question 6

Why are immune responses caused after transplantation?

Answer 6

Genetic differences between donor and recipeient mainly in MHC

Question 7

Which HLA class is biggest?

Answer 7

Class 1

Question 8

What is an epitope?

Answer 8

Antigenic determinant (the part of antigen that is recongised by immune cells e.g. b cell, t cell or antibodies)

Question 9

Where do epitopes on MHC need to be matched?

Answer 9

B cells and T cells must be able to recognise self MHC so matching makes sure they aren’t destoryed if not deteted?

Question 10

How are Donor MHc epitopes matched?

Answer 10

Next generation sequencing to see genetic differences between donor and recipient

Question 11

Which cells are activated is MHC class 1 present fragments of intracellular proteins?

Answer 11

T cell receptors on cytotoxic T cells with assistance of CD8 co-receptor

Question 12

Which cells are activated is MHC class 2 present fragments of intracellular proteins?

Answer 12

T cell receptor on helper T cells with assistance from CD4