Transnational

Question 1

Transnational

Answer 1

trans- signifies across/beyond, evokes a sense of movement, dynamism + momentum

Question 2

Flows + exchanges

Answer 2

proliferated and intensified due in large part to the effects of globalization and the digital revolution
•Supranational production: doesn’t use nation state, political entities
•Multinational companies, organizations, social entities (immigrants)

Question 3

financing, personnel + films move across national boundaries regularly

Answer 3

popularity of international co-productions, mobility of key figures in film culture, expansion of film festival circuit + online modes of distribution and exhibition
•Film festival circuit create mobile forum
•Vimeo, YouTube: can be screened no matter where audience is

Question 4

one-way cultural flows - Tom O’Regan

Answer 4

• Standard has been consolidated due to globalization
• King of 1 way flow: Hollywood’s ideas flow out + money flows in
• Threat to national cinemas + local culture
• Use levys of imported films + taxes + quotas

Question 5

one-way cultural flows - Tom O’Regan

Answer 5

“partners to cultural exchange in cinema come to that exchange on an undeniably and permanent unequal basis with disparities in language, wealth, size, resources, infrastructures and culture. Few film relations are based on free and open exchange. The are many one-way cultural flows and little reciprocity”

Question 6

complexity and diversity of culture which flows in many directions - Michael Sudson

Answer 6

•Schudson: “intertwinings of local, regional, national + global culture…same phenomenon is repeated + culture flows in many directions”

Question 7

interested in those flows that emanate from Hollywood, those that move toward Hollywood + those flows that do not route themselves through Hollywood in any way

Answer 7

• Choreography of Hollywood action films due to influence of kung fu cinema – The Matrix
• Hollywood has been cannabilizing Japanese Horror films
• Creates a new audience for Japanese cinema
• Alliances betw national cinemas that exclude Hollywood + create an alternative/compete with Hollywood
• Accented Cinema: cinema associated with immigrant + diasporic communities
• Not associated with nation state

Question 8

unmarked transnationalism - Mette Hjort

Answer 8

Doesn’t call attention to itself

Question 9

marked transnationalism - Mette Hjort

Answer 9

draws attention to its transnational properties + thereby encourages its viewers to think about transnationality

• dialogue, language, location, promotion
• draw from bigger pool of skill
• alliance for funding to compete with Hollywood
• promotive inclusive community