Translation techniques

Question 1

By superordinate

Answer 1

general word to overcome a relative lack of specificity in the TL

Question 2

By a more neutral / less expressive word

Answer 2

Words are charged with meaning, style, implied meanings (loss in the sense of meaning)

Question 3

By cultural substitution

Answer 3

replacing a culture-specific item or expression with a TL item which does not have the same propositional meaning but is likely to have a similar impact

Question 4

Using a loan word (or loan word + explanation)

Answer 4

• dealing with culture-specific items, modern concepts and buzz words
• can be followed by an explanation

Question 5

By paraphrase using related words

Answer 5

concept expressed by the source item is lexicalized in the TL but in a different form

Question 6

By paraphrase using unrelated words

Answer 6

modifying a superordinate or simply unpacking the meaning of the (semantically complex) source item

Question 7

By omission

Answer 7

if the meaning conveyed by a particular item or expression is not vital enough to the development of the text

Question 8

By illustration

Answer 8

if the word which lacks an equivalent in the TL refers to the physical entity which can be illustrated