Translation

Question 1

Amino acid that AUG codes for in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 1

Methionine and f-methionine

Question 2

Which amino acid, apart from methionine is coded only by ONE codon

Answer 2

Tryptophan

Question 3

Three stop codons

Answer 3

UAA, UGA, UAG

Question 4

Purine -pyrimidine base pair replaced with a purine- pyrimidine base pair

Answer 4

Transition

Question 5

Purine-pyrimidine base pair replaced with a pyrimidine-purine base pair

Answer 5

Transversion

Question 6

Trinucleotide repeat exapansions usually show what in pedigress

Answer 6

A disease with anticipation

Question 7

Frameshifts usually result in..

Answer 7

Truncated proteins

Question 8

Results of a lost splice site because of mutation

Answer 8

Nucleotides are deleted from the adjacent exon

nucleotides are left in the inton of the processed mRNA

the next normal splice site is used, deleting an exon from the processed mRNA

Question 9

Activates amino acids

Answer 9

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 10

Peptide bonds are formed between

Answer 10

The carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amin group on the other amino acid

Question 11

The peptide bond is formed with the amino acids in which sites of the ribosome subunit?

Answer 11

P-site and A-site

Question 12

Protein factors needed for translation

Answer 12

Initiation, elongation and termination factors

Question 13

In prokaryotes, the 16S rRNA binds to

Answer 13

Shine Dalgarno sequence

Question 14

In eukaryotes, the small subunit binds to

Answer 14

5’ cap to find the start codon

Question 15

How many high energy bonds are needed during elongation and which bonds?

Answer 15

4 bonds are needed, 2 ATP and 2 GTP

Question 16

Where can polysomes be found?

Answer 16

Attached to the RER or in the cytoplasm

Question 17

Bonds that stabilize secondary structure of a protein

Answer 17

Hydrogen bonds

Question 18

Bonds that stabilize tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 18

Hydrogen, hydrophobic and ionic bonds.

Some proteins have disulfide bonds

Question 19

Proteins synthesized on the RER

Answer 19

Proteins destined for secretion, cell membrane or lysosome

Question 20

Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes

Answer 20

Proteins destined for cytoplasm or mitochondria

Question 21

Signal sequence for translation of a protein on the RER

Answer 21

N-terminal hydrophobic sequence

Question 22

How is a proteins directed to the lysosome

Answer 22

Phosphorylation of mannose residues on the protein

Question 23

Type of glycosylation that occurs in the RER

Answer 23

N-linked glycosylation

Question 24

Type of glycosylation that occurs in the Golgi

Answer 24

O-linked glycosylation

Question 25

What type of modification is N-linked glycosylation

Answer 25

Co-translational modification

Question 26

What type of modification is O-linked glycosylation

Answer 26

Post-translational modification

Question 27

Enzymes that require vitamin C

Answer 27

Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase

Question 28

Molecule in collagen that is glycosylated

Answer 28

Hydroxylysines

Question 29

Enzyme that require O2 and copper

Answer 29

lysyl oxidase which aids in cross-linking of collagen fibrils

Question 30

Collagen type found in bone, skin, tendons

Answer 30

Collagen Type I

Question 31

Collagen type found in cartilage and vitreous humor

Answer 31

Collagen Type II

Question 32

Collagen type found in blood vessels and granulation tissues

Answer 32

Collagen Type III

Question 33

Collagen type found in basement membranes

Answer 33

Collagen Type IV

Question 34

What is ATP needed for during translation?

Answer 34

tRNA activation

Question 35

What is GTP needed for during translation?

Answer 35

tRNA translocation and termination of translation