Replication Flashcards

1
Q

Type of bonds polymerases synthesize

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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2
Q

Enzyme that removes mismatched deoxynucleotides

A

3’-5’ exonuclease

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3
Q

During replication, a new nucleotide is added to which group of the previous nucleotide?

A

3’ hydroxyl group

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4
Q

Is a primer needed for DNA replication?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Is a primer needed for RNA replication?

A

No

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6
Q

Enzyme that synthesizes RNA primer

A

Primase

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7
Q

Polymerase that begins DNA synthesis in the 5’-3’ direction

A

DNA Polymerase III

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8
Q

Removes RNA primers

A

RNAase H

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9
Q

Role of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotes

A

Removes primer and synthesizes new DNA

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10
Q

Role of DNA ligase

A

Seals nicks between Okazaki fragments

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11
Q

Role of helicase

A

Unwinds DNA

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12
Q

Another name for DNA gyrase and it’s role

A

DNA topoisomerase II. It inserts negative supercoils to prevent DNA from being overwound

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13
Q

Types of eukaryotic DNA polymerases

A

DNA polymerase alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon

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14
Q

Role of DNA polymerase alpha

A

Synthesizes RNA primer and initiates DNA synthesis of the lagging strand

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15
Q

Role of DNA polymerase beta

A

Repairs DNA

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16
Q

Role of DNA polymerase gamma

A

Replicates mitochondrial DNA

17
Q

Role of DNA polymerase delta

A

Synthesizes leading strand. Filling gaps after removal of primer

18
Q

Role of DNA polymerase epsilon

A

Repairs DNA

19
Q

Eukaryotic DNA polymerases that have exonuclease activity

A

DNA polymerase gamma, delta, epsilon

20
Q

Why do telemeres get shorter after each replication?

A

DNA polymerase cannot complete synthesis of the 5’ end of each strand

21
Q

Role of telomerase

A

Telomerase has a short RNA template complementary to the DNA sequence and possess reverse transcriptase so that it can replace the ends of telomeres.

22
Q

Direction of the exonuclease activity in RNAse H

A

3’-5’ exonuclease activity

23
Q

Types of DNA damage

A

Thymine dimers, mismatched base and cytosine deamination

24
Q

Type of DNA damage caused by UV radiation

A

Thymine dimers

25
Q

Type of DNA damage caused by DNA replication errors

A

Mismatched bases

26
Q

Type of DNA damage caused by Spontaneity or heat

A

Cytosine deamination

27
Q

Cytosine deamination results in to conversion of cytosine to which amino acid?

A

Cytosine is deaminated to form uracil

28
Q

In cytosin deamination, uracil is identified and removed by?

A

Uracil glycosylase enzyme

29
Q

Direction of movement of Dynein

A

retrograde to microtubule (towards negative (nucleus))

30
Q

Direction of movement of Kinesin

A

Anterograde to microtubule (towards positive (periphery))

31
Q

Which polymerase adds nucleotides and has 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity

A

DNA Polymerase III.

32
Q

Function of DNA Polymerase I

A

Degrades RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

33
Q

What is the sequence of nucleotides that telomerase adds

A

TTAGGG