translation

Question 1

In translation, mRNA base triplets (__________) are read in 5’ to 3’direction. Each codon specifies an amino acid. __________ (transfer RNA) has an anticodon on one end (complement to codon) and a corresponding amino acid on the other end and adds amino acids to growing polypeptide chain

Answer 1

In translation, mRNA base triplets (codon) are read in 5’ to 3’direction. Each codon specifies an amino acid. tRNA (transfer RNA) has an anticodon on one end (complement to codon) and a corresponding amino acid on the other end and adds amino acids to growing polypeptide chain

Question 2

Most codons code for one of the 20 amino acids. 3 codons code for translation to stop(UAA UAG UGA). Translation always begins with the codon, methionine (AUG), which determines the reading frame.

Answer 2

Most codons code for one of the 20 amino acids. 3 codons code for translation to stop(UAA UAG UGA). Translation always begins with the codon, methionine (AUG), which determines the reading frame.

Question 3

Translation occurs on __________ that have two subunits and 3 binding sites for tRNA.

Answer 3

Translation occurs on protein that have two subunits and 3 binding sites for tRNA.

Question 4

__________ are changes in genetic material which may occur due to errors in DNA copying or from mutagens.

Answer 4

mutations are changes in genetic material which may occur due to errors in DNA copying or from mutagens.

Question 5

Substitution mutations are categorized as __________ if no change in the amino acid sequence occurs, __________ if a different amino acid is coded, or __________ if the mutation codes for a stop codon.

Answer 5

Substitution mutations are categorized as slience if no change in the amino acid sequence occurs, missense if a different amino acid is coded, or nonsense if the mutation codes for a stop codon.

Question 6

In translation, mRNA base triplets (codons) are read in 5’ to 3’ direction. Each codon specifies an amino acid. tRNA(transfer RNA) has an anticodon on one end(complement to codon) and a corresponding amino acid on the other end and adds amino acids to growing polypeptide chain.

Answer 6

In translation, mRNA base triplets (codons) are read in 5’ to 3’ direction. Each codon specifies an amino acid. tRNA(transfer RNA) has an anticodon on one end(complement to codon) and a corresponding amino acid on the other end and adds amino acids to growing polypeptide chain.

Question 7

Transcription- synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) using information in DNA •Translation- synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA

Answer 7

Transcription- synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) using information in DNA •Translation- synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA

Question 8

In translation, mRNA base triplets (codons) are read in 5’ to 3’ direction. Each codon specifies an amino acid. tRNA(transfer RNA) has an anticodon on one end(complement to codon) and a corresponding amino acid on the other end and adds amino acids to growing polypeptide chain.

Answer 8

In translation, mRNA base triplets (codons) are read in 5’ to 3’ direction. Each codon specifies an amino acid. tRNA(transfer RNA) has an anticodon on one end(complement to codon) and a corresponding amino acid on the other end and adds amino acids to growing polypeptide chain.

Question 9

Substitutions:
-Silent - no effect, new codon codes for same amino acid
Missense - codes for different amino acid
Nonsense - codes for stop codon
Insertion - addition of base pairs
Deletion - loss of base pairs
Frameshift mutation - occurs with insertion or deletion of base pairs that shifts reading frame

Answer 9

Substitutions:
-Silent - no effect, new codon codes for same amino acid
Missense - codes for different amino acid
Nonsense - codes for stop codon
Insertion - addition of base pairs
Deletion - loss of base pairs
Frameshift mutation - occurs with insertion or deletion of base pairs that shifts reading frame

Question 10

The anticodon of a given tRNA can bind to one or a few specific mRNA codons.

Answer 10

The anticodon of a given tRNA can bind to one or a few specific mRNA codons.

Question 11

ribosome:
3 binding sites for tRNA
Facilitate coupling of tRNA and mRNA
2 subunits made of proteins and rRNA (ribosomal RNA

Answer 11

ribosome:
3 binding sites for tRNA
Facilitate coupling of tRNA and mRNA
2 subunits made of proteins and rRNA (ribosomal RNA

Question 12

Polyribosomes:

Multiple ribosomes can translate single mRNA simultaneously

Answer 12

Polyribosomes:

Multiple ribosomes can translate single mRNA simultaneously

Question 13

In prokaryotes transcription and translation occur simultaneously

Answer 13

In prokaryotes transcription and translation occur simultaneously

Question 14

16. Explain how antibiotics target transcription and translation
Target ribosome (different structure in bacteria and humans)
Streptomycin change shape of the 30s portion, cause node on mRNA to be read incorrectly.

Answer 14

16. Explain how antibiotics target transcription and translation
Target ribosome (different structure in bacteria and humans)
Streptomycin change shape of the 30s portion, cause node on mRNA to be read incorrectly.

Question 15

Mutations are changes in genetic material which may occur due to errors in DNA copying or from mutagens.

Answer 15

Mutations are changes in genetic material which may occur due to errors in DNA copying or from mutagens.