circulation and gas exchange

Question 1

Respiratory system for gas exchange
•_____
•______
•_____

Answer 1

Respiratory system for gas exchange
•Large surface area
•Moist surface
•Diffusion

Question 2

when air inhaled
rib cage expand
when air exhaled
rib cage gets smaller

Answer 2

when air inhaled
rib cage expand
when air exhaled
rib cage gets smaller

Question 3

Transporting oxygen in blood
Proteins transport O2
In vertebrates hemoglobin in red blood cells
Hemoglobin transports 4 oxygen
Transports some CO2

Answer 3

Transporting oxygen in blood
Proteins transport O2
In vertebrates hemoglobin in red blood cells
Hemoglobin transports 4 oxygen
Transports some CO2

Question 4

Circulatory system
•______ diffusion distance (bulk flow)
•Transports substances in fluid
•____ •____ •____

Answer 4

Circulatory system
•Minimizes diffusion distance (bulk flow)
•Transports substances in fluid
•Gases •Nutrients •Wastes

Question 5

close vascular system is more efficient:
Since blood circulates only inside blood vessels, it has a higher pressure and, as a result, can travel greater distances to the organs
in close:
it’s the Hemolymph血淋巴

Answer 5

close vascular system is more efficient:
Since blood circulates only inside blood vessels, it has a higher pressure and, as a result, can travel greater distances to the organs

Question 6

Vertebrate cardiovascular system
•3 blood vessel types 
•\_\_\_\_\_ (away from heart)  动脉
•\_\_\_\_\_  毛细血管
•\_\_\_\_\_\_ (towards heart)  静脉
•Blood flow in one direction
 •Heart pumps blood 
•\_\_\_\_\_ (blood enters heart) 心房
•\_\_\_\_\_ (blood leaves heart) 心室

Answer 6

Vertebrate cardiovascular system
•3 blood vessel types 
•Arteries (away from heart)  动脉
•Capillaries  毛细血管
•Veins (towards heart)  静脉
•Blood flow in one direction
 •Heart pumps blood 
•Atrium (blood enters heart) 心房
•Ventricle (blood leaves heart) 心室

Question 7

In the circulatory system of a fish, the blood travels from the heart to the gills, where it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It then flows from the gills to the organs and tissues in the rest of the body, and back to the heart. There is just one circuit from the heart.

Answer 7

In the circulatory system of a fish, the blood travels from the heart to the gills, where it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It then flows from the gills to the organs and tissues in the rest of the body, and back to the heart. There is just one circuit from the heart.

Question 8

In the circulatory system of a mammal, there are two circuits from the heart:

blood passes from the heart to the lungs - where it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide - then back to the heart

blood passes from the heart to the organs and tissues in the body, and back to the heart

Answer 8

In the circulatory system of a mammal, there are two circuits from the heart:

blood passes from the heart to the lungs - where it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide - then back to the heart

blood passes from the heart to the organs and tissues in the body, and back to the heart

Question 9

Blood enters the heart through a vein and collects in an atrium. The atrium contracts and the blood is pushed into a ventricle. The ventricle then contracts, and the blood is forced out through an artery towards the lungs or towards the rest of the body. Valves prevent the blood flowing back into the atrium or ventricle.

Answer 9

Blood enters the heart through a vein and collects in an atrium. The atrium contracts and the blood is pushed into a ventricle. The ventricle then contracts, and the blood is forced out through an artery towards the lungs or towards the rest of the body. Valves prevent the blood flowing back into the atrium or ventricle.

Question 10

_____ have thick, elastic, muscular walls:
Arteries need these properties to give them the strength and elasticity needed to cope with the high pressure surges of oxygenated blood coming from the heart.

whereas veins have thin walls and one way valve
Veins need valves as the blood flowing through them is at such a low pressure that they need something to prevent it going backwards

Answer 10

Arteries have thick, elastic, muscular walls:
Arteries need these properties to give them the strength and elasticity needed to cope with the high pressure surges of oxygenated blood coming from the heart.

whereas veins have thin walls and one way valve
Veins need valves as the blood flowing through them is at such a low pressure that they need something to prevent it going backwards

Question 11

Fluid that leaks out of capillaries is returned via lymphatic system

Answer 11

Fluid that leaks out of capillaries is returned via lymphatic system

Question 12

Capillary is thin that have a single cell layer:

Their walls are very thin to allow substances to easily and quickly diffuse, or pass through them.

Answer 12

Capillary is thin that have a single cell layer:

Their walls are very thin to allow substances to easily and quickly diffuse, or pass through them.

Question 13

Human blood transports materials and is composed of _____ containing ____, ___, ____, and other transported and white and red blood cells, and platelets.

Answer 13

Human blood transports materials and is composed of connective tissue containing water, ions, proteins, and other transported and white and red blood cells, and platelets.

Question 14

Animals exchange gas with their environment through diffusionusing organs that are ___________and have large ___________. Respiratory organs include ____, tracheae, ____, cloaca, and lungs.

Answer 14

Animals exchange gas with their environment through diffusionusing organs that are moist and have large surface area. Respiratory organs include gills, 气管tracheae, skin, 阴沟cloaca, and lungs.

Question 15

In humans, lungs are _____ by the _____, and gasses diffuse between alveoli气泡 and capillaries. Gasses are transported bound to ___________in the blood.

Answer 15

In humans, lungs are ventilated通风 by the diaphragm, and gasses diffuse between alveoli and capillaries. Gasses are transported bound to hemoglobin in the blood.

Question 16

The circulatory system minimizes diffusion distances using bulk flow to transport ___________, nutrients, and wastes in a fluid. Animals may have open or more efficient closed circulatory systems.

Answer 16

The circulatory system minimizes diffusion distances using bulk flow to transport gases, nutrients, and wastes in a fluid. Animals may have open or more efficient closed circulatory systems.

Question 17

The vertebrate cardiovascular system consists of 3 types of blood vessels (arteries, ___________, and veins), blood that flows in one direction, and a ___________separated into compartments (atria and ventricles) that pumps blood.

Answer 17

The vertebrate cardiovascular system consists of 3 types of blood vessels (arteries, capillary, and veins), blood that flows in one direction, and a heart separated into compartments (atria and ventricles) that pumps blood.

Question 18

Arteries have thick muscular walls to resist high pressure from pumped blood, ___________have valves that prevent the backflow of blood, and capillaries have thin walls to facilitate diffusion.

Answer 18

Arteries have thick muscular walls to resist high pressure from pumped blood, veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood, and capillaries have thin walls to facilitate diffusion.

Question 19

In humans, blood is pumped: 1. from the _____ ventricle to the lungs where it is oxygenated, 2. into the _____ atrium then ______ ventricle where it is pumped to capillaries in the body, 3. deoxygenated blood is then returned to the right _____.

Answer 19

In humans, blood is pumped: 1. from the right ventricle to the lungs where it is oxygenated, 2. into the right atrium then right ventricle where it is pumped to capillaries in the body, 3. deoxygenated blood is then returned to the right atrium.

Question 20

Human blood transports materials and is composed of ___________containing water, ions, proteins, and other transported substances and white and red blood cells, and platelets.

Answer 20

Human blood transports materials and is composed of plasma (58%) containing water, ions, proteins, and other transported substances and white(defense immune system) and red blood cells, and platelets(blood clotting).

Question 21

Inhale air into mouth and noses down to ______气管 —> when it pass through lungs end to alveoli肺泡 —> alveoli are surrounded by capillaries, and air goes into the blood —> blood leaves the lung to the heart, heart bumps through rest of your body —> when cells used the oxygen, CO2 is produced and blood carries back to your lung and removed from your body when exhale.

Answer 21

Inhale air into mouth and noses down to trachea —> when it pass through lungs end to alveoli —> alveoli are surrounded by capillaries, and air goes into the blood —> blood leaves the lung to the heart, heart bumps through rest of your body —> when cells used the oxygen, CO2 is produced and blood carries back to your lung and removed from your body when exhale.