genetics 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Variations on Mendelian genetics with one gene
Alleles not completely dominant/recessive
Gene with more than two alleles
Gene produces multiple phenotypes

A

Variations on Mendelian genetics with one gene
Alleles not completely dominant/recessive
Gene with more than two alleles
Gene produces multiple phenotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
Complete dominance(seed form)- 
phenotypes of heterozygote and dominant homozygote identical 
Incomplete dominance- phenotype of heterozygote intermediate 
the dominant allele is not completely express when the recessive allele is around
Codominance- two dominant alleles affect phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
A

Complete dominance-
phenotypes of heterozygote and dominant homozygote identical
Incomplete dominance- phenotype of heterozygote intermediate
the dominant allele is not completely express when the recessive allele is around
Codominance- two dominant alleles affect phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
Codominance:
both trait show up
\_\_\_\_\_\_
•RR= red cow hairs 
•RW= red and white cow hairs 
•WW= white cow hairs 
•Erminette chickens 
•BB= black feathers 
•BW= black and white feathers 
•WW= white feathers
A
Codominance:
both trait show up
Roan cows 
•RR= red cow hairs 
•RW= red and white cow hairs 
•WW= white cow hairs 
•Erminette chickens 
•BB= black feathers 
•BW= black and white feathers 
•WW= white feathers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
polygenic gene:
Polygenic inheritance- additive effect of two or more genes on single phenotype
many gene affect one trait
example:
eyecolor
height
A
polygenic gene:
Polygenic inheritance- additive effect of two or more genes on single phenotype
many gene affect one trait
example:
eyecolor
height
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epistasis:
multifactorial traits
gene at one locus alters phenotypic expression of gene at second locus
eg: fur color
Coat color (one gene= pigment, second gene= whether pigment is deposited)

A

epistasis:
multifactorial traits
gene at one locus alters phenotypic expression of gene at second locus
eg: fur color
Coat color (one gene= pigment, second gene= whether pigment is deposited)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

multifactorial trait:
Multifactorial traits- traits depend on multiple genes combined with environmental influences
eg: cancer

A

multifactorial trait:
Multifactorial traits- traits depend on multiple genes combined with environmental influences
eg: cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sex-linked trait:
Sometimes genes are found only on X (usually) or Y chromosome •______ •Orange coat gene in cats •Females compensate with X inactivation (random in non-marsupial mammals)

A

sex-linked trait:
Sometimes genes are found only on X (usually) or Y chromosome •Hemophilia •Orange coat gene in cats •Females compensate with X inactivation (random in non-marsupial mammals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

common recessive disease:
_______, sickle-cell anemia
carriers have recessive allele but the normal phenotype

A

common recessive disease:
cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anemia
carriers have recessive allele but the normal phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dominant disorders:
dominant disorders are rare, arsie by mutation
eg: Huntington’s disease
dominant are not common

A

dominant disorders:
dominant disorders are rare, arsie by mutation
eg: Huntington’s disease
dominant are not common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polygenic inheritance is the additive effect of two or more genes on single ____________ (e.g. skin color)

A

Polygenic inheritance is the additive effect of two or more genes on single phenotype (e.g. skin color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____________ is when a gene influences multiple phenotypic traits (e.g. _______).

A

pleiotropy is when a gene influences multiple phenotypic traits (e.g. cystic fibrosis). mucus buildup in organs, abnormal nutrient absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Many genetic disorders are rare and caused by recessive alleles. The chance of mating between ____________ increases for relatives (e.g. albinism).

A

Many genetic disorders are rare and caused by recessive alleles. The chance of mating between relatives increases for disease (e.g. albinism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Polygenic inheritance is the additive effect of two or more genes on single ____________ (e.g. _____)

A

Polygenic inheritance is the additive effect of two or more genes on single phenotype (e.g. skin color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Multifactorial traits depend on _______ combined with _____ influences (e.g. _____)

A

Multifactorial traits depend on multiple genes combined with environment influences (e.g. cancer).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Many genetic disorders are rare and caused by recessive alleles. The chance of mating between ____________ increases for relatives (e.g.).

A

Many genetic disorders are rare and caused by recessive alleles. The chance of mating between relatives increases for disease (e.g. albinism)白化病

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____________ genetic disorders are rare (e.g. Achondroplasia dwarfism) and lethal disorders are likely to show late onset symptoms (e.g. ______)

A

dominant genetic disorders are rare (e.g. Achondroplasia dwarfism) and lethal disorders are likely to show late onset symptoms (e.g. Huntington’s)