Translation - 17.4, 17.5

Question 1

Translation

Answer 1

Genetic info. flows from mRNA to protein (synthesis of amino acid polymer)

Question 2

Translator is called

Answer 2

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 3

Function of tRNA

Answer 3

TRANSFER amino acids to the growing polypeptide in a ribosome

Question 4

Aminoacyl-tRNA-snthetases

Answer 4

1.
Ensure the correct matching up of tRNA and amino acid
2.
Catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between them. 3.
tRNA charged by amino acid then releases it

Question 5

linkage of tRNA and amino acid is a(n) _____

Answer 5

endergonic process

Question 6

Which sites are in the lrg subunit of the ribosome

Answer 6

E,P,A (left to right)

Question 7

A site

Answer 7

Aminoacyl-tRNA binding site
Arrival
Holds tRNA carrying amino acid to be added

Question 8

E site

Answer 8

Exit site

From which discharged tRNA leaves ribosome

Question 9

P site

Answer 9

Peptidyl-tRNA binding site

Holds tRNA with attached peptide chain

Question 10

New amino acid added to which end??

Answer 10

carboxyl end

Question 11

rRNAs are responsible for

Answer 11

1. the structure and function of the ribosome
2. Catalyst of peptide bond formation
3. Main constituent of the interface between the 2 subunits A and P sites
   One COLOSSAL ribozyme!

Question 12

Initiation of transcription

Answer 12

1.Small ribosomal subunit binds to a molecule of mRNA
tRNA carries methionine (from AUG)
2. Lrg subunit arrives

Question 13

Hydrolysis of GTP provides

Answer 13

Energy for assembly of the ribosome

Question 14

Elongation (3 steps)

Answer 14

1. Codon recognition
2. Peptide bond formation
3. Translocation (A to P, P to E)

Question 15

Release factor

Answer 15

Binds directly to a stop codon in the A site, adds water, hydrolyzes bond, releases polypeptide