Protein Structure - 5.4

Question 1

Functions of Proteins

Answer 1

Defense, enzymes, structure, movement, signaling, transport, regulation

Question 2

monomers of protein

Answer 2

amino acid

Question 3

polymer of protein

Answer 3

peptides, polypeptides, proteins

Question 4

structure composed of

Answer 4

alpha carbon, carboxyl (cooh) group, amino (nh2) group, R group

Question 5

Some r groups are hydrophobic…so they’re

Answer 5

nonpolar

Question 6

Some r groups are hydrophilic…so they’re

Answer 6

polar

Question 7

Neg charged side chain means

Answer 7

side chain is acidic
coo
hydrophillic

Question 8

Pos charged side chain means

Answer 8

side chain is basic
amino
hydrophillic

Question 9

polymerization of amino acids is

Answer 9

the formation of a peptide bond (covalent bond)

Question 10

Polymerization occurs on

Answer 10

ribosomes

Question 11

Primary structure

Answer 11

sequence of amino acids

Question 12

secondary structure

Answer 12

coils + folds in the polypeptide chain (bc H bonds between backbone atoms)
Flexible A helices and rigid B sheets

Question 13

tertiary structure

Answer 13

-interactions among various side chains (R groups)
folds into specific 3D, compacted shape
-interactions among R groups of amino acids stabilizes tertiary structure

Question 14

quaternary structure

Answer 14

when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains

hemoglobin

Question 15

disulfide bridges occur between ___ do what?

Answer 15

cysteines

stabilizes the protein structure

Question 16

interactions between polypeptides are

Answer 16

NONcovalent

Question 17

protein structure influenced by

Answer 17

temperature, pH, salt concentration

Question 18

what makes the protein inactive

Answer 18

destroying weak bonds/interactions that maintain 3D structure

Question 19

bond between amino acids

Answer 19

peptide bond

Question 20

tertiary structure - ionic bonds form between

Answer 20

basic and acidic amino acids

ex: lysine and glutamic acid

Question 21

lysozyme

Answer 21

enzyme that helps prevent infection by biding to and destroying specific molcules on the surface of bacteria

Question 22

Folding of the chain influenced by

Answer 22

formation of various bonds between parts of the chain

Question 23

amino acids with non polar (hydrophobic) side chains end up

Answer 23

at the core of the protein (away from water)

called hydrophobic interactions

Question 24

Cluster of hydrophobic side chains held together by

Answer 24

van der waals interactions

Question 25

____ between polar side chains

Answer 25

Hydrogen bonds

Question 26

_____ between + and - charged side chains

Answer 26

ionic bonds

Question 27

denaturation

Answer 27

protein unravels and loses its native shape

inactive