Transition Metals (unit 5)

Question 1

To work out the electronic configuration of a T.M. The total no of 4s and 3d electrons you do what calculation?

Answer 1

Subtract…..
18 - the elements atomic no.
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(18 = no. e-s in the lower orbitals)

Question 2

The 4s subshell is always filled first - except for……?

Answer 2

Chromium & Copper

Question 3

Which elements on the first row of d-block elements aren’t transition metals??

Answer 3

Sc & Zn

Scandium & zinc

Question 4

Definition of a transition metal?

Answer 4

A transition metal is one that can form one or more stable ions with a partially filled d-subshells

Question 5

D-orbitals can hold how many e-s?

Answer 5

10 ✨✨
So T.M.s must form at least one ion that has between 1 and 9 electrons in the d-orbital
(All elements but Sc and Zn do this)

Question 6

Transition metals are found where on the periodic table?

Answer 6

D-block elements

Question 7

Why is Scandium not a transition metal?

Electronic configuration = [Ar] 3d1 4s2

Answer 7

Sc forms one ion, Sc3+, which has an empty d-subshell. When Sc looses 3 electrons to form, Sc3+, it forms the electronic configuration [Ar] 🙈

Question 8

Why is Zinc not a transition metal?

Electronic configuration = [Ar] 3d10 4s2

Answer 8

Zinc only forms one ion, Zn2+, which has a full d-subshell and electron configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s0. When it looses its 2 electrons to form, Zn2+, both electrons come from the 4s subshell…. It keeps a full d-subshell 🙈

Question 9

4 special chemical properties of Transition Metals ? ✨✨

Answer 9

1) they can form complex ions.
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2) they form coloured ions in solution 
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3) they can act as good catalysts 
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4) they can exist in variable oxidation states

Question 10

What is a complex ion??

Answer 10

A complex ion is a metal ion surrounded by dative covalently bonded ligands 💕

Question 11

What is a ligand?

Answer 11

A ligand is an atom, ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to the central metal ion.

Question 12

In complex ions what is the coordination number?

Answer 12

The number of dative covalent bonds that are formed with the central metal ion.

Question 13

What is ligand substitution and what do you see??

Answer 13

One ligand being swapped for another ligand
💖💜💛💚💙
Colour change!!!!

Question 14

6 dative covalent bonds means what shape of a complex ion???

Answer 14

Octahedral

Question 15

4 dative covalent bonds on a complex ion has what shape??

Answer 15

Tetrahedral

Question 16

2 dative covalent bonds on a complex ion has what shape??

Answer 16

Linear !!