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eves cards > Response To Stimuli - Nerves And Hormones > Flashcards

Response To Stimuli - Nerves And Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is a taxis?

A

A taxis is a simple response whose direction is determined by the direction of the stimulus.

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2
Q

What is Positive taxis??

A

Movement towards a stimulus

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3
Q

What is negative taxis?

A

Movement away from a stimulus!!

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4
Q

What is tropism?

A

The growth of part if a plant in response to a directional stimulus.

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5
Q

What is positive tropism ?

A

Growing towards the stimulus in response

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6
Q

What is negative tropism?

A

Growing away from the direction if the stimulus in a negative response

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7
Q

Three types of tropism…

A

Phototropism
Geotropism
Hydrotropism

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8
Q

Central nervous system is made up of…

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system is made up of…

A

Pairs of nerves that originate from either the brain or the spinal cord.

(The nerves in the systems)

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10
Q

Peripheral nervous system is divided Into…..

A

Sensory neurones & motor neurones

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11
Q

The motor nervous system can be subdivided into….

A

Voluntary nervous system &

Autonomic nervous system

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12
Q

Rod cells - frequency in the retina?

A

More numerous !!

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13
Q

Cone cells - frequency in the retina…

A

Less numerous!!

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14
Q

Rod cells - shape and pigment ?

A

Rod shaped

Rhodopsin

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15
Q

Cone cells - shape and pigment ?

A

Cone shaped

Iodopsin - this pigment occurs in 3 forms!!

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16
Q

Rod cell pigment properties (rhodopsin) ??

A

Very sensitive to light and responds to low light intensities. But is unable to distinguish colour (monochromatic)

17
Q

Come cells - pigment properties (iodopsin) ??

A

Sensitive to only high light intensities and able to distinguish colour.

18
Q

Rod cells - synaptic connections??

A

Groups if rods synapses with a single bipolar neurone - they display convergence !!

19
Q

Cone cells - synaptic connections??

A

A 1:1 connection between cone cells and bipolar neurones!

20
Q

What is a stimulus ?

A

A detectable change in the external or internal environment of an organism that produces a response In the organism.

21
Q

Why do some optic cells contain black pigment??

A

This pigment absorbs the light and stops the light from being reflected!!

22
Q

Explain how rod cells have high sensitivity??

A

More than one rod cell to each bipolar neurone gives an accumulate / higher impulse and reaching the active potential in lower light intensities because they can overcome the threshold value!

23
Q

Which part of the retina has the highest number if receptor cells??

A

The FOVEA

24
Q

A myelinated axon conducts impulses faster than a non-myelinated axon. Explain the difference??

A

In myelinated…..
1. The action potential / depolarisation only at nodes of Ranvier.
⭐️⭐️⭐️
2. Nerve impulse jumps from node to node/ saltatory conduction
⭐️⭐️⭐️
3. Action potential / impulse does not travel along whole length

25
Q

Resting potential = ?

A

Potential difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is at rest

26
Q

Action potential = ?

A

The brief change in polarity when the neuron is activated (nerve impulse )

27
Q

The cells of the body need to communicate with one another. What is the name given to this process of communication???

A

Cell signalling 💕💕

28
Q

Sensory neurones??

A

Transmit nerve impulses from receptors to CNS ✨✨✨

29
Q

Relay neurones ??

A

Transmit nerve impulses between other neurones ✨✨✨

30
Q

Motor neurones ???

A

Transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector ✨✨✨

31
Q

The reflex arc = ?

A 
Stimulus 
  ⬇️
Receptor
  ⬇️
Sensory neuron
  ⬇️
Relay neuron
  ⬇️
Motor neuron
  ⬇️
Effector 
  ⬇️
Response
32
Q

The purpose / use of the reflex arc ??

A

Reflex arc enables a rapid response to a stimulus, without the need to involve the brain.
✨✨✨
V. Useful for protecting the body from damage!!!

33
Q

Nerve impulses always travel from…..?

A

From Densrites to the Axon!! ✨✨✨

34
Q

Effect of myelin sheath on conduction?

A

Myelin sheath helps speed up transmission of nerve impulses (conduction)

35
Q

Schwann cells = ?

A

Schwann cells wrap around axon multiple times…..
Multiple layers of cell membranes….
INSULATED nerve cells (prevents the nerve impulses passing through it)

36
Q

Nodes of Ranvier = ?

A

Gaps between Schwann cells where the axon is exposed 💁

37
Q

Saltatory conduction = ?

A

Nerve impulses jumping from node to node 🍸👯🎉

38
Q

Threshold to fire ?

A

The minimum amount of stimulus required in order to activate the nerve cell and cause an action potential
🙌💕✨
A.K.A. The all or nothing law

39
Q

Cell signalling = ?

A

Communication between cells!

E.g. Communication between nerve cells across a synapse

eves cards (16 decks)

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