Copper Flashcards
Copper in the +1 oxidation number
It has a filled 3d orbital, and the compounds are often white in colour and unlike transition metal compounds.
Copper in the +2 oxidation number
Shows transition metal properties.
The higher charge on the copper ion gives stronger binding —- making up for the extra energy required to remove an electron from the 3d orbital in addition to one from the 4s orbital!!!
Percentage composition of Bronze
90% copper
10% tin
Colour an properties of copper metal
Copper is and orange-red
It’s relatively interactive & doesn’t corrode readily, making it good for pipes used for hot and cold water.
It’s has high thermal and electrical conductivity and it’s ductile — used as electrical wiring.
What is the electrode potentials for cu/cu2+. And cu/cu+
Both systems have a negative electrode potential and relatively low reactivity
When copper is exposed to oxygen and carbon dioxide (AIR)
Copper is oxidised very slowly to form a green film of basic copper (ll) carbonate. CuCO3 • Cu(OH)2
Copper general reactions with acid
Only reacts under oxidising conditions - it is not affected by hydrochloride acid
Copper and nitric acid
Copper reacts moderately with dilute and concentrated nitric acid to form copper (ll) nitrate, and it is oxidised much more rapidly by concentrated nitric acid.
In hot sulphuric acid, copper….
Copper reacts to form copper (ll) sulphate - which is the familiar BRIGHT BLUE hydrated ions!!
Hot conc. sulphuric acid and copper to form copper (ll) sulphate hydrated ions equation
Cu (s) + 2H2SO4 (l)»_space; CuSO4 (aq) + SO2(g) +. 2H2O (l)
Anhydrous copper (ll) sulphate….
Is a white compound - it is only the hydrated form which shows the blue colour!!
The most stable oxidation number of copper
+2
And most copper constrains the Cu2+ ion
Copper (l) is unstable in aqueous solution and exists only….
At hight temperatures
When insoluble and precipitated
In complexes
Compounds and oxidation states of copper
Copper (1) [Ar] 3d10
Copper (ll) [Ar] 3d9
