transition metals(p1) Flashcards
define transition element
a d-block element which can form at least 1 stable ion with a partially filled subshell
what d block elements are not TM? and why
zinc- only forms 2+ions which means its d subshell is full
scandium-only forms 3+ions which means its d subshell is empty
define complex ion
a metal ion surrounded by coordinately bonded ligands
define ligand
an atom, ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion
define coordination number
number of coordinate bonds that are formed with the central metal ion in a complex ion
what is the shape of a complex ion dependent on?
coordination number
draw ethandiote
what is the only example of a square planar complex ion+ draw
cisplatin (PtCl2(NH3)2)
what complexes are normally linear?
silver complexes e.g Ag(NH3)2
write the equation for the addition of a carbonate to hexaaquaaluminium
- what is the colour change+name the products
what ion does aluminium form in solution (write) and what colour is it?
- hexaquaaluminium
-colourless
write the equation for the addition of ammonia to hexaquaaluminium
- what is the colour change
- name the products
what is the colour change when hexaquaaluminium is added to anything, but hydroxide in excess
colourless to white
why does hexaaquaaluminium only form white or colourless complexes
it isnt a TM
what is the equation for the addition of hydroxide to hexaquaaluminium
- what is the colour change
- name the products
what is the equation for the addition of excess hydroxide to hexaquaaluminium. what is different about this reaction compared to the others? name the product
only one that doesnt form aluminium hydroxide. aluminium hydroxide is the reactant in this reaction
goes from white to colourless others=opposite forming tetrahydroxoaluminate
equation for addition of carbonate to hexaaquairon(II)
-colour change
- name products
pale green -green
iron(II)carbonate
equation for addition of ammonia to hexaaquairon(II)
-colour change
- name products
pale green-green
iron(II)hydroxide
equation for addition of hydroxide to hexaaquairon(II)
-colour change
- name products
pale green-green
iron(II)hydroxide
equation for the addition of carbonate to hexaaquairon(III)
- colour change
- name products
- iron(III) hydroxide
-pale violet to brown
equation for the addition of ammonia to hexaaquairon(III)
- colour change
- name products
- iron(III) hydroxide
-pale violet to brown
equation for the addition of hydroxide to hexaaquairon(III)
- colour change
- name products
- iron(III) hydroxide
-pale violet to brown
equation for the addition of carbonate to hexaaquacobalt(II)
- colour change
-name products
- cobalt(II)carbonate
- pink-pink
equation for the addition of ammonia to hexaaquacobalt(II)
- colour change
-name products
- pink-blue-green
- cobalt(II)hydroxide
equation for the addition of excess ammonia to hexaaquacobalt(II)
- colour change
-name products
pink-straw-coloured
hexaaquaaminnecobalt(II)
equation for the addition of conc HCl to hexaaquacobalt(II)
- colour change
-name products
pink-blue
-teratchlorocobaltate
explain how a heterogenous catalyst works
- reactants adsorb onto surface of catalyst
- reaction occurs and bonds break
- products desorb of the catalyst
