intro to organic chem(p2) Flashcards
what is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
what is the gen formula of alkenes and alcohols?
alkenes= CnH2n
alcohols= CnH2n+1OH
what is a homologous series?
a family of compounds that have the same FG and general formula
what is the molecular formula?
actual no. of atoms in a molecule or element
what is the empirical formula?
simple whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
what is the structural formula?
arrangement of atoms wihtout showing all the bonds
what is the skeletal formula?
shows bonds of carbon skeleton
what is a structural isomer?
same molecular formula but different structural formula
what are the three types of structural isomerism?
- chain
-position
-FG
what is a chain isomer?
same molecular formula but with different arrangments of the carbon skeleton
what is a positional isomer?
same molecular formula but different position of the functional group in the carbon skeleton
what is a FG isomer?
same molecular formula but different FG
what are stereoisomers?
same structural formula but idfferent arrangments of atoms in space
what are the 2 types of stereoisomers?
- E/Z
-optical
why do E/Z isomers occur?
occur because there is restricted rotation around the double bond
when does E/Z isomerism occur?
when there are 2 different atoms or group of atoms on the same carbon
when there is different groups on the carbons how do you decide whether it is an E or Z isomer
work out which atom/groups of atoms on each side (vertical symmetry) has the highest atomic number, the highest is the highest priority
what do you do if there is the same atom bonded to the carbon in the double bond to work out whether it is an E or a Z isomer?
calculate the atomic number of atoms furhter down the chain e.g ethyl group would be the next carbon down the chain
