intro to organic chem(p2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general formula of alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

what is the gen formula of alkenes and alcohols?

A

alkenes= CnH2n
alcohols= CnH2n+1OH

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3
Q

what is a homologous series?

A

a family of compounds that have the same FG and general formula

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4
Q

what is the molecular formula?

A

actual no. of atoms in a molecule or element

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5
Q

what is the empirical formula?

A

simple whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

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6
Q

what is the structural formula?

A

arrangement of atoms wihtout showing all the bonds

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7
Q

what is the skeletal formula?

A

shows bonds of carbon skeleton

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8
Q

what is a structural isomer?

A

same molecular formula but different structural formula

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9
Q

what are the three types of structural isomerism?

A
  • chain
    -position
    -FG
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10
Q

what is a chain isomer?

A

same molecular formula but with different arrangments of the carbon skeleton

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11
Q

what is a positional isomer?

A

same molecular formula but different position of the functional group in the carbon skeleton

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12
Q

what is a FG isomer?

A

same molecular formula but different FG

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13
Q

what are stereoisomers?

A

same structural formula but idfferent arrangments of atoms in space

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14
Q

what are the 2 types of stereoisomers?

A
  • E/Z
    -optical
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15
Q

why do E/Z isomers occur?

A

occur because there is restricted rotation around the double bond

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16
Q

when does E/Z isomerism occur?

A

when there are 2 different atoms or group of atoms on the same carbon

17
Q

when there is different groups on the carbons how do you decide whether it is an E or Z isomer

A

work out which atom/groups of atoms on each side (vertical symmetry) has the highest atomic number, the highest is the highest priority

18
Q

what do you do if there is the same atom bonded to the carbon in the double bond to work out whether it is an E or a Z isomer?

A

calculate the atomic number of atoms furhter down the chain e.g ethyl group would be the next carbon down the chain