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A Level Chemistry > Transition metals > Flashcards

Transition metals Flashcards

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1
Q

state definition for transition metal

A

d-block element that can form at least one stable ion w/ an incomplete d sub-shell

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2
Q

what is significant about Cr electron configuration ?

A

each 3d orbital has one electron - 4s orbital only contains one electron - more stability

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3
Q

what is significant about Cu electron configuration ?

A

each 3d orbital has two electrons - 4s only has one electron - more stability

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4
Q

which electrons are removed first for transition elements ions are formed ?

A

the 4s electrons

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5
Q

what catalyses Zn + acid ?

A

Copper sulfate

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6
Q

what catalyses decomposition of hydrogen peroxide ?

A

Manganate dioxide

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7
Q

why are transition metals good catalysts ?

A
  1. can transfer electrons to speed reactions

2. good at adsorbing substances to their surface to lower Ea

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8
Q

transition metal ion + OH- —>

A

coloured metal hydroxide + water

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9
Q

transition metal ion + ammonia —>

A

coloured metal hydroxide + ammonium

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10
Q

state the colour change of Copper (||) ion to metal hydroxide

A

pale blue sol – blue ppt

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11
Q

state the colour change of Iron (||) ion to metal hydroxide

A

pale green sol – green ppt (darkens)

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12
Q

state the colour change of Iron (|||) ion to metal hydroxide

A

yellow sol – orange ppt (darkens)

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13
Q

state the colour change of Manganese (||) ion to metal hydroxide

A

pale pink sol – pink ppt (darkens)

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14
Q

state the colour change of Chromium (|||) ion to metal hydroxide

A

green sol – grey green ppt

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15
Q

define complex ion

A

metal ion surrounded by coordinately bonded ligands

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16
Q

what is a coordinate bond ?

A

(dative covalent) bonding electrons come from same atom

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17
Q

what is a ligand ?

A

species which donates pair of electrons to central metal ion

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18
Q

what is the coordinate number ?

A

no. of coordinate bonds

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19
Q

what is a mono/bidentate ?

A

one lone pair / two lone pairs available for bonding

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20
Q

what is cis-platin ?

A

complex of platinum (||) w/ two chloride ions and two ammonia molecules
(anti-cancer drug)

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21
Q

how does cis-platin act to fight cancer ?

A
  • chloride ligands easily displaced
  • nitrogen atoms from DNA of cancerous cell displaces chloride ions
  • cancerous cell now cannot reproduce by division and die
22
Q

what is bad about cis-platin ?

A
  • also prevents normal cells from reproducing

- causes kidney damage

23
Q

give 3 examples of small ligands and state how many coordinate bonds form

A

water, CN-, ammonia

6

24
Q

give an example of a big ligand and how many coordinate bonds form

A

Cl-

4

25
Q

For ligand substitution of similar sized ligands …

A

same no. of coordinate bonds and shape

charge may change

26
Q

For ligand substitution of different sized ligands …

A

change in no. of coordinate bonds and shape

charge may change

27
Q

describe the structure of the complex ion of haemoglobin

A

Iron (||) w/ 6 coordinate bonds :

  • 4 Nitrogen
  • 1 Nitrogen from the the protein globin
  • 1 water
28
Q

describe the structure of the complex ion of oxyhaemoglobin

A

Iron (||) w/ 6 coordinate bonds :

  • 4 Nitrogen
  • 1 Nitrogen from the the protein globin
  • 1 oxygen
29
Q

how does carbon monoxide affect haemoglobin ?

A
  • water substituted for CO ligand
  • carboxyhaemoglobin forms
  • strong bond formed
30
Q

what is the test for identifying transition elements ?

A
  • add NaOH

- observe and identify w/ colour

31
Q

state colour of Ti (|||) ions & Ti (||) ions

A

||| purple

|| violet

32
Q

state the colour change from VO2 + . VO 2+ . V 3+ . V 2+

A

VO2 + yellow
VO 2+ blue
V 3+ green
V 2+ violet

33
Q

state colour of dichromate ions

A

orange

34
Q

state colour of Cr (|||) ions

A

green (violet)

35
Q

state colour of MnO4 - ions

A

purple

36
Q

state colour of MnO4 2- ions

A

green

37
Q

state colour of Mn 2+ ions

A

pale pink

38
Q

state colour of Iron (|||) ions

A

yellow

39
Q

state colour of Iron (||) ions

A

pale green

40
Q

state colour of Cobalt (||) ions

A

pink

41
Q

state colour of Nickel (||) ions

A

green

42
Q

state colour of Copper (||) ions

A

pale blue

43
Q

which metal ions darken w/ OH ?

A

Fe 2+ / 3+ and Mn 2+

44
Q

describe reaction of Cr3+ (aq) with 6NH3

A
  • reversible ligand substitution
  • forms Cr(NH3)6 and water
  • violet to purple
45
Q

state colour change of chlorine substitution of Cu2+ (aq)

A

pale blue to yellow

46
Q

what occurs w/ Cu2+ (aq) with excess ammonia ?

A

Cu(NH3)4 (aq) forms

pale blue to deep blue

47
Q

Color and reagent of Fe2+ to Fe3+

A

acidified potassium manganate (|)

green to yellow

48
Q

Color and reagent of Fe3+ to Fe2+

A

Iodine ions

yellow to green

49
Q

Color and reagent of Cu2+ to Cu+

A

Iodine ions to for CuI

pale blue to off white ppt

50
Q

Color and reagent of CrO7 2- to Cr3+

A

orange to green

acidic and zinc

A Level Chemistry (21 decks)

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