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A Level Chemistry > Acids, Bases & Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases & Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the chemical formula for ethanoic acid ?

A

CH3COOH

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2
Q

what is the chemical formula for phosphoric acid ?

A

H3PO4

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3
Q

what is the formula for a phosphate ion ?

A

PO4 - 3

can be PO3 - 4

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4
Q

give the definition for an acid

A

a substance that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution (it is a proton donor)

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5
Q

what are the differences between a strong / weak acid ?

A
  • strong acid fully dissociates in solution / weak acid partially dissociates in solution
  • weak acid dissociation is reversible, strong acid isn’t
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6
Q

what types of acids are usually weak ?

A

carboxylic / organic acids that have a similar structure to ethanoic acid

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7
Q

what happens when ethanoic acid is placed in solution ?

A

partially dissociates into H+ and CH3COO- ions

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8
Q

what type of acid is usually strong ?

A

mineral acids

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9
Q

how can an acid be notated ?

A

HA

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10
Q

what is a base ?

A

a proton acceptor

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11
Q

what happens between water soluble oxides and water ?

A

they form aqueous hydroxides

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12
Q

what is the formula of a hydronium ion ?

A

H3O+

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13
Q

how is a hydronium ion formed ?

A

When an acid dissociates in water, the H+ ion is accepted by a water
(this is an example of water acting as a base)

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14
Q

give the definition of an alkali

A

a soluble base that releases OH- ions in water

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15
Q

what are the 3 most common alkalis ?

A

NaOH / KOH / NH3

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16
Q

give the definition of a salt

A

ionic compounds formed when H+ ions in acids are replaced by metal / ammonium ions

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17
Q

what is the charge of lead and zinc usually ?

A

2+

18
Q

when stating observation of solid what must you state ?

A

the colour of the solid

19
Q

acid + metal hydrogen carbonate =

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

20
Q

When silver halides are exposed to light, they decompose to release silver metal. What is this used for ?

A

photography

21
Q

what is the test for sulfate ions ?

A

add HCl, then barium chloride to sample

will form a white precipitate of barium sulfate

22
Q

what is the flame test colour of barium ?

A

pale green

23
Q

what is the flame test colour of calcium ?

A

yellow - red

24
Q

what is the flame test colour of copper ?

A

green - blue

25
Q

what is the flame test colour of lithium ?

A

red

26
Q

what is the flame test colour of sodium ?

A

orange

27
Q

what is the flame test colour of potassium ?

A

lilac

28
Q

what is the colour of copper (||) + NaOH ?

A

light blue precipitate

29
Q

what is the colour of iron (||) + NaOH ?

A

green precipitate

30
Q

what is the colour of copper (||) alone ?

A

blue

31
Q

what is the colour of Iron (|||) + NaOH ?

A

red - brown precipitate

32
Q

what is the test for ammonium ions ?

A

Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to sample and warm mixture. Result should be smell of ammonia and damp red litmus turning blue (alkali)

33
Q

what is the test for halides ?

A

add nitric acid, followed by silver nitrate

will form a silver precipitate

34
Q

what is the product of ammonia + acid ?

A

ammonium salt

35
Q

in titration, where should you read value from ?

A

bottom of meniscus

36
Q

state color of methyl orange in acid

A

red

37
Q

state color of methyl orange in alkali

A

yellow

38
Q

state color of phenolphthalein in acid

A

colourless

39
Q

state color of phenolphthalein in alkali

A

pink

40
Q

what is an analyte ?

A

unknown solution with unknown conc that you are finding

41
Q

(simple) how is standard solution made ?

A

dissolving known amount of solid in known amount of water

42
Q

what is a polyprotic acid ?

A

acid that donates more than one proton

A Level Chemistry (21 decks)

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