Transition/anxiety & stress

Question 1

Differentiate between transition and change

Answer 1

Change
-action, external event, situation, something ends, something begins

Transition
-process, internal, re-orientation; adjustment in response to the change

Transition (UFV) - a process of change from one state, condition, or place to another, involving an ‘alteration in identity’.

Question 2

Type of transition

Answer 2

development
health
situational
organizational
multiple

Question 3

Transition condition

Answer 3

Characteristics

• Source - choice
• Onset - unexpectedly or expected
• Duration - how long things take
• Expectedness
• Pervasiveness

Determinants of health

• Personal Resources:
• dimensions: physiological, psychosocial, cultural, spiritual

Social Resources:
-social support - family or friends

Professional Resources
- teacher
Environmental Factors:
-physical, political, socioeconomic

Question 4

Process of transition

Answer 4

Ending
-Disengagement – separation from familiar place in social order

• Disidentification – loss of role/identifying label
• Disenchantment – sense that own world is not very real, a signal that one is moving into transition
• Disorientation – lost, confused feeling

Neutral zone

• Between old and new
• Confusion and distress
• Lost and powerless
• Time for reflection

Beginning
Purpose – become motivated
Picture – sense of vision
Plan – step by step
Part – what is my part in it?

Question 5

Define stress, define anxiety

Answer 5

Stress: represents a personalized physiological, psychological, and spiritual response to the presence of a stressor

Anxiety: a feeling of unease or discomfort resulting from an event or stressor.
Can lead to constructive or destructive action.

Question 6

Discuss sources of anxiety

Answer 6

Threat to biological integrity:
Interference with basic human needs e.g. food, drink, warmth, shelter

Threat to security of self:
Unmet needs for status and prestige
Anticipated disapproval by significant others
Unmet expectations important to self-integrity

Question 7

Common manifestation of anxiety

Answer 7

Behavioral - fidgeting, pacing, focused
physiological - incontinent, increased heartrate
cognitive - confused
nausea, clammy, muscle tension, insomnia, tight-knot stomach
depression, rapid speech, increased energy,

Question 8

Describe the four stages of anxiety

Answer 8

Mild – helps to deal with stress constructively
Moderate – person alert but perceptual field narrowed
Severe – sensory perception reduced
Panic – disrupted sensory field

Question 9

Describe adaptive and maladaptive responses to anxiety

Answer 9

Adaptive
-Challenges and motivates person towards problem solving, conflict resolution and higher levels of functioning.
-Calling a friend/therapist, talking it out
Engage in comforting activity e.g. Meditation
Physical activity e.g. Running
Emotional release e.g. Crying
Introspection/reflection
prayer

Maladaptive
-Ego defense mechanisms intended to protect self from anxiety but also prevent realistic appraisal of self, others, situations/events
e.g. Denial, repression, rationalization
-Excessive acting out
Excessive drinking/eating/gambling/drug use/spending
Withdrawal and isolation