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Hematology Exam 1 > Transfusion Medicine > Flashcards

Transfusion Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

allogenic donation

A
  • collection from volunteers to be transfused to other recipients
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2
Q

autologous donation

A
  • collection of self to be transfused to self
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3
Q

what is FFP used to replace?

A
  • coagulation factors
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4
Q

what is FFP not used to replace

A
  • volume replacement
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5
Q

what is cryoprecipitate used to replace

A
  • fibrinogen
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6
Q

what antibodies do we make against the ABO antigens we don’t have

A
  • IgM
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7
Q

IgM antibodies form after how many months of life

A
  • 4
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8
Q

in the lab, what do these IgM antibodies do?

A
  • clump RBCs
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9
Q

in the patient, what do these IgM antibodies do?

A
  • lyse RBCs by fixing complement

- cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions

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10
Q

antigen on type A blood

A
  • antigen A
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11
Q

antigen on type B blood

A
  • antigen B
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12
Q

antigen on type AB blood

A
  • antigens A+B
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13
Q

antigen on type O blood

A
  • none
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14
Q

antibody produced by type A

A
  • anti-B
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15
Q

antibody produced by type B

A
  • anti-A
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16
Q

antibody produced by type AB

A
  • none
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17
Q

antibody produced by type O

A
  • anti-A and B
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18
Q

blood donors for type A

A
  • O

- A

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19
Q

blood donors for type B

A
  • O

- B

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20
Q

blood donors for type AB

A
  • any

- universal recipient

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21
Q

blood donors for type O

A
  • O only

- universal donor

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22
Q

order of frequency of ABO phenotypes

A

O, A, B, AB

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23
Q

forward typing of blood tests for

A
  • presence of antigens on surface of red cells
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24
Q

reverse typing tests for

A
  • presence of antibodies in patient’s serum or plasma
25
Q

Group A forward typing and reverse typing

A
  • anti A

- B cells

26
Q

Group B forward and reverse typing

A
  • anti-B

- A1 cells

27
Q

Group AB forward and reverse typing

A
  • anti-A and B

- no reverse

28
Q

Group O forward and reverse typing

A
  • no forward

- A1 and B cells

29
Q

D antigen will make which antibody

A
  • IgG
30
Q

IgG antibodies in the lab result in

A
  • no clumping

- must add Coomb’s reagent

31
Q

IgG antibodies in the patient

A
  • delayed hemolysis
32
Q

what is Coomb’s reagent

A
  • IgM antibody against IgG to help clump
33
Q

pre-formed antibodies as a result of exposure to

A
  • pregnancy
  • transfusion
  • solid organ transplantation
34
Q

how to calculate how many crossmatches you need

A

units/(percent negative for antigens)

  • multiply if you need more than one negative for antigen
35
Q

when do you transfuse RBCs

A
  • symptoms of insufficient O2

- rapid active bleeding

36
Q

when do you transfuse platelets for bleeding prophylaxis

A

< 10

37
Q

when do you transfuse platelets for presence of bleeding

A

< 50

38
Q

when do you transfuse platelets 12 hours pre-post surgery, intracranial bleeding, ECMO

A
  • <100
39
Q

acute hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs

A
  • during
  • immediately after
  • within 24 hours of transfusion of red cells
40
Q

acute hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • hypotension
  • DIC/oozing
  • hemoglobinuria
  • back pain
41
Q

fastest way to diagnosis acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A
  • look at pre and post transfusion plasma sample
42
Q

treatment of AHTR

A
  • continue IV fluids

- vasopressor for BP

43
Q

delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction due to cells from

A
  • group O donors
44
Q

delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms appear

A
  • 24 hours - 28 days
45
Q

delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction treatment

A
  • no treatment
46
Q

TRALI

A
  • pulmonary edema following transfusion of plasma containing products
47
Q

TRALI criteria

A
  • within 6 hours
  • hypoxemia
  • bilateral infiltration
  • HYPOTENSION
48
Q

TRALI treatment

A
  • respiratory/pressor support
49
Q

TACO

A
  • patient’s cardio system exceeds volume capacity
50
Q

TACO symptoms

A
  • HYPERTENSION
  • headache
  • dyspnea
  • peripheral edema
51
Q

TACO treatment

A
  • O2

- diuretics

52
Q

symptoms of Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction

A
  • temp increase of 1 degree Celsius or more
53
Q

allergic/anaphylactis transfusion reactions symptoms

A
  • two or more within 4 hours
  • urticaria
  • pruritis
  • maculopapular rish
  • flushing, edema
54
Q

treatment of allergic reactions

A
  • stop transfusion

- administer antihistamines

55
Q

when do you suspect bacterial contamination of plaelets

A
  • HIGH FEVER
  • chills
  • hypotension
56
Q

most common transmitted virus in the blood

why?

A
  • HBV

- long window period to test for

57
Q

most common cause of transfusion related mortality

A

TRALI

58
Q

What RBC antigen group is associated with the highest risk for transfusion-related mortality

A

ABO

Hematology Exam 1 (16 decks)

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