Transfusion Medicine Flashcards
allogenic donation
- collection from volunteers to be transfused to other recipients
autologous donation
- collection of self to be transfused to self
what is FFP used to replace?
- coagulation factors
what is FFP not used to replace
- volume replacement
what is cryoprecipitate used to replace
- fibrinogen
what antibodies do we make against the ABO antigens we don’t have
- IgM
IgM antibodies form after how many months of life
- 4
in the lab, what do these IgM antibodies do?
- clump RBCs
in the patient, what do these IgM antibodies do?
- lyse RBCs by fixing complement
- cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions
antigen on type A blood
- antigen A
antigen on type B blood
- antigen B
antigen on type AB blood
- antigens A+B
antigen on type O blood
- none
antibody produced by type A
- anti-B
antibody produced by type B
- anti-A
antibody produced by type AB
- none
antibody produced by type O
- anti-A and B
blood donors for type A
- O
- A
blood donors for type B
- O
- B
blood donors for type AB
- any
- universal recipient
blood donors for type O
- O only
- universal donor
order of frequency of ABO phenotypes
O, A, B, AB
forward typing of blood tests for
- presence of antigens on surface of red cells
reverse typing tests for
- presence of antibodies in patient’s serum or plasma
Group A forward typing and reverse typing
- anti A
- B cells
Group B forward and reverse typing
- anti-B
- A1 cells
Group AB forward and reverse typing
- anti-A and B
- no reverse
Group O forward and reverse typing
- no forward
- A1 and B cells
D antigen will make which antibody
- IgG
IgG antibodies in the lab result in
- no clumping
- must add Coomb’s reagent
IgG antibodies in the patient
- delayed hemolysis
what is Coomb’s reagent
- IgM antibody against IgG to help clump
pre-formed antibodies as a result of exposure to
- pregnancy
- transfusion
- solid organ transplantation
how to calculate how many crossmatches you need
units/(percent negative for antigens)
- multiply if you need more than one negative for antigen
when do you transfuse RBCs
- symptoms of insufficient O2
- rapid active bleeding
when do you transfuse platelets for bleeding prophylaxis
< 10
when do you transfuse platelets for presence of bleeding
< 50
when do you transfuse platelets 12 hours pre-post surgery, intracranial bleeding, ECMO
- <100
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs
- during
- immediately after
- within 24 hours of transfusion of red cells
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms
- fever
- chills
- hypotension
- DIC/oozing
- hemoglobinuria
- back pain
fastest way to diagnosis acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
- look at pre and post transfusion plasma sample
treatment of AHTR
- continue IV fluids
- vasopressor for BP
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction due to cells from
- group O donors
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms appear
- 24 hours - 28 days
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction treatment
- no treatment
TRALI
- pulmonary edema following transfusion of plasma containing products
TRALI criteria
- within 6 hours
- hypoxemia
- bilateral infiltration
- HYPOTENSION
TRALI treatment
- respiratory/pressor support
TACO
- patient’s cardio system exceeds volume capacity
TACO symptoms
- HYPERTENSION
- headache
- dyspnea
- peripheral edema
TACO treatment
- O2
- diuretics
symptoms of Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction
- temp increase of 1 degree Celsius or more
allergic/anaphylactis transfusion reactions symptoms
- two or more within 4 hours
- urticaria
- pruritis
- maculopapular rish
- flushing, edema
treatment of allergic reactions
- stop transfusion
- administer antihistamines
when do you suspect bacterial contamination of plaelets
- HIGH FEVER
- chills
- hypotension
most common transmitted virus in the blood
why?
- HBV
- long window period to test for
most common cause of transfusion related mortality
TRALI
What RBC antigen group is associated with the highest risk for transfusion-related mortality
ABO
