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Hematology Exam 1 > Iron Deficiency > Flashcards

Iron Deficiency Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the body is iron stored and bound to ferritin?

A

In macrophages and hepatocytes

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2
Q

Decreased iron stores will increase/decrease absorption

A

Increase

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3
Q

Iron in veggies is absorbed ___ as effectively as the iron in meat

A

1/10

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4
Q

Where in the body is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum (i.e. duodenal enterocyte)

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5
Q

Dietary ferric iron must be ____ and turned into ferrous iron

A

reduced

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6
Q

Enzyme that reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron

A

Ferric reductase

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7
Q

Ferrous iron is transported into the circulation from the duodenal enterocyte, hepatocyte, and macrophages via _______

A

ferroportin

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8
Q

Iron may exist in circulation as free iron or bound to _______

A

transferrin

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9
Q

Hepcidin blocks the action of _____

A

Ferroportin

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10
Q

What is the consequence of hepcidin on serum iron levels?

A

Decreases them because it blocks ferroportin which shuttles iron into the circulation from storage sites

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11
Q

Certain microorganisms use iron as a growth factor, so the body’s response to invasion is to produce cytokines that signal hepcidin to block ______ to decrease iron levels in the blood

A

ferroportin

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12
Q

In iron deficiency, there is increased/decreased transferrin

A

Increased

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13
Q

In iron deficiency, the ferritin levels increase/ decrease

A

Decrease

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14
Q

Will a patient lose iron from the liver or the RBCs first?

A

Liver because that is where the iron is stored

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15
Q

TIBC will increase/decrease in iron deficiency

A

Increase

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16
Q

% transferrin saturation will increase/decrease in iron deficiency

A

Decrease; there is more transferrin, but there is not more iron to bind to the transferrin

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17
Q

What are the most iron rich foods?

A

Liver, oysters, clams, mussels

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18
Q

People lose a little bit of iron by shedding gut and ____ cells

A

skin

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19
Q

What are some ways to lose iron?

A
  • Menstruation (8-72 mg/month)
  • Pregnancy (1000 mg in pregnancy and lactation)
  • Blood donation
  • GI blood loss
  • GU loss
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20
Q

I unit of packed RBCs contains about how much iron?

A

200-223 mg

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21
Q

Iron deficiency in adults is almost always due to ____ loss

A

blood

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22
Q

Koilonychia is seen in patients with ___ ____

A

Iron deficiency

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23
Q

Spooning of the nails is referred to as

A

Koilonychia

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24
Q

Glossitis is seen in patients with

A

Iron deficiency

25
Q

Pica is the craving for non-food items seen in ____ _____

A

Iron deficiency

26
Q

50% of patients present with this symptom of iron deficiency and want to only eat ice

A

Pica

27
Q

Thrombocytosis is key to this deficiency

A

Iron deficiency

28
Q

What is the most common cause of non-male patterned baldness?

A

Iron deficiency

29
Q

In a healthy patient, what tests should you perform first?

A

CBC and ferritin test

30
Q

What is the single best test for iron deficiency?

A

Ferritin levels test; if less than 15 then are iron deficient

31
Q

In iron deficiency, serum iron increases/decreases

A

decreases

32
Q

In iron deficiency, transferrin (TIBC) levels increase/decrease

A

increases

33
Q

What is the treatment of choice to treat iron deficiency?

A

Oral iron replacement

34
Q

What are the side effects of oral iron supplement?

A
  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Black stools
35
Q

If patients cannot take oral iron, what can they take?

A

IV iron

36
Q

IV iron should be given to patients with inflammatory bowel disease and patients who underwent _____ bypass

A

gastric

37
Q

What is the risk of taking IV iron?

A

Anaphylaxis

38
Q

In newborns, cutting the cord should be delayed for at least a ___ to allow for the blood in the placenta to travel to the baby

A

minute

39
Q

After a baby is born, you want to keep it above/below the placenta

A

below

40
Q

Being pre-mature puts the child at risk for being ___ deficient

A

iron

41
Q

As soon as an infant begins to breath air, it stops production of ___

A

EPO

42
Q

All babies are a little ____ due to them not making as much EPO when they take their first breaths

A

anemic

43
Q

In puberty, guys can get iron deficient due to stripping iron from packing on muscle and bone and girls begin to _______

A

Menstruate

44
Q

In puberty, need to keep an eye out for _____disorders

A

Eating

45
Q

Highest prevalence of iron deficiency in children occurs in children living at or below the _____ line

A

Poverty

46
Q

About __ of the term newborn’s iron stores are laid down in the last month in utero and this means that premies will be more/less prone to iron deficiency

A

1/2; more

47
Q

NEVER give a child what animal product before 12 months and why

A

Cow’s milk; they will be allergic and can develop colitis and have GI bleed

48
Q

If a child is obese and has a very low Hb, then what animal product could they be ingesting in large amounts?

A

Cow’s milk

49
Q

You should treat iron-deficiency in ____ and breast-feeding women

A

Pregnant

50
Q

Iron deficiency in children may cause impaired ______ development and ____ for paint chips that increases risk for ____ toxicity

A

psychomotor; pica; lead

51
Q

Iron supplementation in pregnant women causes reduction in what?

A

Childhood mortality

52
Q

800 million people have ___

A

Iron deficiency anemia

53
Q

Being iron deficient means that a person can/ cannot get infected with malaria

A

Cannot

54
Q

In Tanzania, there was a study done where people who were supplemented with iron were infected with ___ more than those who were not

A

malaria

55
Q

In anemia of chronic disease, inflammatory states lead to cytokines sequestering iron from bloodstream by increasing the levels of ______

A

Hepcidin

56
Q

Hepcidin works by:

A
  • Decreasing iron absorption from gut
  • Decreasing iron export out of liver cells
  • Decreasing transferrin and TIBC
57
Q

Result of anemia of chronic diseas

A

Low transferrin, low serum iron, low TIBC, normal or elevated ferritin

58
Q

Ferritin is considered an acute ____ reactant and is elevated in disease and inflammation

A

phase

Hematology Exam 1 (16 decks)

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