TRANSFUSION

Question 1

Why is a minimum wgt criteria present?

Answer 1

• min. wgt of 50kg (can’t take a good % of blood from a small person)

Question 2

What is blood screened for?

Answer 2

• HIV
• Hep B/C/E
• HTLV
• Syphilis

Question 3

How long do the diff. component sof the blood last?

Answer 3

• Red cells (for 35 day s at 4*C
• platelets for 7 dayss with agitation
• FFP for 3 years at 30* C

Question 4

What is prothrombin Complex conc.?

Answer 4

• GIVEN to reverse coagulation

Question 5

Name blood prods drom pharmacy.

Answer 5

• IVIG
• human albumin
• specific Ig

Question 6

How many red cell antigens exist?

Answer 6

• 37 grs. with 300 variants

- ABO and Rhesus is most important

Question 7

Whatg does O mean?

Answer 7

-Sugar involved.

Question 8

What does it mean by being blood gr. A ?

Answer 8

• bloog Gr. A = hae A Ag on red cells

- blood gr. AB= have A and B Ag on red cell s

Question 9

What ag do blood gr. O present with?

Answer 9

• neither

Question 10

What does Landsteiner’s Law state?

Answer 10

• when a person LACKS A or B antigen—-the corresponding Ab is produced in their plasma

Question 11

What Abs do the blood grs. have?

Answer 11

A= ANTI-b 
ab= NEITHER Abs
O= anti- A and Anti-B

Question 12

Which blood gr. can be given to anyone?

Answer 12

• BLOOD GR. O

- —-they don’t possess any antigens (so no rxn may occur)

Question 13

Which blood gr. can RECIEVE any bloood?

Answer 13

AB

Question 14

When is rhesus antigen specifically important?

Answer 14

• during PREGNANCY
• Anti-D ab can cause TRANSFUSION rxn and hemolytic disease of the FETUS and the newborn
• —avoid exposing RhD negative people to D antigen

Question 15

Who do you give RhD negative blood to?

Answer 15

• to RhH negative people

Question 16

How do Abs come about in blood?

Answer 16

• with EXPOSURE to the antigen

Question 17

Why can’t blood gr. O NOT recieve blood from the other blood grs.?

Answer 17

• it possesses both ANTI-A and ANTI-B abs

- —-

Question 18

When does agglutination of the blood cells occur?

Answer 18

– when you mix the Ag specific ab to a red cells with the same Ag

Question 19

How does Ab screening occur?

Answer 19

• pts’ plasma is tested against SEVERAL reagent red cells expre

Question 20

How to perform IAT crossmatch?

Answer 20

• add pt PLASMA to the donor red cells
• add anti-human globulin
• LOOK for AGGLUTINATION
• —no agglutination= ready for transfusion

Question 21

WHen is red cell transfusion performed?

Answer 21

• symptomatic anaemia (<70g/L Hb)
• Major bleeding
• —–consider causes !
• —-transfuse a single unit of red cells

Question 22

INdications for platelet transfusion?

Answer 22

• prophylaxis in pts with BONE marrow FAILURE (v.LOW platelet counts)
• —bleeding rx in thrombocytopenic pt
• prophylaxis prior to SURGERY/ procedure in a thrombocytopenic pt

Question 23

FPP transfusion indication?

Answer 23

• prophylaxis PRIOR to surgery/ procedure in pt with COAGULOPATHY (PT ratio >1.5)
• —-manage MASSIVE hemorrhage
• thos ewith coagulopathy (PT ratio >1.5)
• transfuse EARLY in trauma
• not in ABSENCE of bleeding

Question 24

What is done to monitor the pt during the transfusion? -

Answer 24

• looking for RASH/ SOB/ pain/ tender arm/ FEVER.

- —-observations to be done every 15 minffs within 60 mins of the transfusion

Question 25

What are the components of the blood? R

Answer 25

RED CELLS

• FFP
• PLATLETS
• CRYOPRECIPITATE