INVX in LYMPHADENOPATHY Flashcards
What may cause lymphadenopathy?
- infection/ lymphoma/ metastatic cancer/ connective tissue d.o (SLE/Sarcoidosis)
What may be symptoms of lyphadenopathy.
- night sweats
- wgt loss (malignancy/ lymphoma/ menopause)
- itch without rash
- alcohol induced pain
- fatigue
What is glandular fever?
- v.HIGH temperature
- hot and shivery
- severe SORE throat
- –SWOLLEN glands (on either side of your necks)
- extreme exhaustion
- persistent tonsilitis
How does bacterial lymphadenopathy present as?
- TENDER
- HARD
- SMOOTH surface
- INFLAMMED skin
Describe a viral lymphadenopathy.
Tender/ HARD/ smooth surface
How does a lymphoma present as?
- Rubbery/soft
- Smooth surfaced
How would a metastatic CA present as?
- Hard
- irregular surfaced
- TETHERED
When is a biopsy of the LN done?
if its a lymphoma or OTHER malignancy
—FNAC or CORE biopsy !
Can lymphoma be diagnosed by CT?
NO
DDX for lymphadenopathy?
- reactive
- bacterial
- viral
- metastatic
- Lymphoma
How do you assess lymph node pathology?
- immunohistochem.
- immunophenotyping
- genetic analysis
- molecular analysis
- histology-microscopic appearances
What does histology looks at>
- basic architecture of the node
What does immunohistochemistry look at?
- confirms its a lymphoma (helps subclassify!)
- –looks at protein pattern on SURFACE of lymphoma cells —Abs used against this + enzyme rxn!
What does brown color indicate on immunohistochem.?
—-POSITIVE!
What is immunophenotyping useful for??
- leukaemia
- lymphomas involving the MARROW
How does cytogenetic analysis work?
- seeks patterns of chromosome abnormality in certain lymphomas !
- —FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridisation)
How does molecular analysis work?
- patterns of GENE expression (looks at genes that are switched both ON or OFF)
- —helps to further classify LYMPHOMA (important ! for RX)
Name a few B-cell NON-HODGKIN’s LYMPHOMA.
Burkitts/mantle cell lymphoma/ follicular lymphoma/ DLCL/ primary effusion lymphoma/ marginal cell lymphoma
Name a few T-cell non-hodgkin’s lymphoma.
CTCL ALCL enteropathy T-cellNHL ATLL hepatosplenic gamma
