Transfusion

Question 1

What haemoglobin concentration and weight are required to donate blood?

Answer 1

Men - Hb >135g/l
Women - Hb >125 g/l
Weight >50kg

Question 2

What are the components of blood collected from donation?

Answer 2

Red cells
FFP
Platelets

Question 3

What blood products can be collected from many different donors?

Answer 3

Anti-D immunoglobulin

Prothrombin complex concentrate

Question 4

What are the two main blood groups?

Answer 4

ABO

RhD

Question 5

On which chromosome is the ABO gene located?

Answer 5

Chromosome 9

Question 6

What is the relationship between A, B and O genes?

Answer 6

A and B are dominant over O while A and B are co-dominant

Question 7

Which ABO group is the most common within the population?

Answer 7

O

Question 8

What is the genotype of a person with phenotype group O?

Answer 8

OO

Question 9

What is the genotype of a person with phenotype group A?

Answer 9

AA or AO

Question 10

What is the genotype of a person with phenotype group B?

Answer 10

BB or BO

Question 11

What is the genotype of a person with phenotype group AB?

Answer 11

AB

Question 12

How is the ABO gene inherited?

Answer 12

The offspring will get one copy of each parent’s ABO genes

Question 13

What is Landsteiner’s law?

Answer 13

An individual lacking the A or B antigen means the corresponding antibody is produced in their plasma

Question 14

Why is Landsteiner’s law clinically significant?

Answer 14

As antibodies will cause haemolysis of red cells expressing the specific antigen

Question 15

A person with blood group A will have anti-A antibodies. True/false?

Answer 15

False - anti-B antibodies

Question 16

What antibodies are found in a person with blood group AB?

Answer 16

None

Question 17

What antibodies are found in a person with blood group O?

Answer 17

Anti-A and anti-B

Question 18

Which blood group can be donated to everyone?

Answer 18

O - has neither A or B antigens

Question 19

What is the clinical significance of the RhD antigen?

Answer 19

It is very immunogenic and the anti-D antibody can cause transfusion reactions

Question 20

What is antisera used for?

Answer 20

Identify specific antigens present on a red cell

Question 21

What are reagent red cells used for?

Answer 21

Identifying specific antibodies present in plasma

Question 22

What occurs when red cell antibodies and antigens meet?

Answer 22

Agglutination

Question 23

Agglutination occurs when the patient/s red cells are mixed with anti-A antibodies. What is the patient’s blood type?

Answer 23

A

Question 24

Agglutination does not occur when the patient’s red cells are mixed with anti-D antibodies. What is the patients RhD status?

Answer 24

-ve

Question 25

At crossmatch, agglutination suggests the donor cells are compatible/incompatible with the patient

Answer 25

Incompatible

Question 26

Give some indications for red cell transfusion

Answer 26

Symptomatic anaemia where Hb <70g/l (<80 if cardiac disease)

Major bleeding

Question 27

Give some indications for platelet transfusion

Answer 27

Bone marrow failure
Bleeding in thrombocytopenic patient
Prophylaxis prior to surgery in thrombocytopenic patient

Question 28

Give some indication for FFP transfusion

Answer 28

Bleeding in patient with coagulopathy (PT >1.5)
Prophylaxis prior to surgery in coagulopathy patient
Massive haemorrhage