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Haematology > Anticoagulant Drugs > Flashcards

Anticoagulant Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main indications for anticoagulant drugs?

A

Venous thrombosis

Atrial fibrillation

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2
Q

What do anticoagulant drugs target?

A

The formation of fibrin clots

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3
Q

How does heparin work?

A

By potentiating anti-thrombin

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4
Q

Unfractionated heparin increases the effect of anti-thrombin on what?

A

Thrombin

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5
Q

LMWH increases the effect of anti-thrombin on what?

A

Factors V/Xa

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6
Q

What is used to measure for unfractionated heparin?

A

APTT

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7
Q

What is used to measure LMWH?

A

Anti-Xa assay

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8
Q

What are the main complications of heparin?

A

Bleeding
Induced thrombocytopenia
Osteoporosis

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9
Q

What can be used to reverse the effects of heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

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10
Q

What drugs are used to inhibit vitamin K?

A

Warfarin

Phenindione

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11
Q

What clotting factors are dependent on vitamin K?

A

II, VII, IX and X

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12
Q

What is the role of vitamin K with clotting factors?

A

It is required for the final carboxylation step

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13
Q

When may patients be initiated on warfarin therapy slowly?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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14
Q

What measurement is used to monitor the effect of warfarin?

A

INR

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15
Q

What is the international normalised ratio?

A

A mathematical correction of PT ratio for differences in the sensitivity of thromboplastin reagents

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16
Q

What bleeding complications can occur on warfarin therapy?

A 
Skin bruising
Epistaxis
Haematuria
GI bleeding
Intracerebral bleeding
17
Q

What is used to reverse warfarin?

A

Oral vitamin K

18
Q

What drug is used to inhibit thrombin directly?

A

Dabigatran

19
Q

What drug can be used to inhibit factor Xa directly?

A

Rivaroxaban

Apixaban

20
Q

What is the main downside of the new anticoagulants?

A

They have no specific antidote for reversal

Haematology (19 decks)

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