Haemopoiesis

Question 1

What is haemopoiesis?

Answer 1

The formation of blood cells

Question 2

All haemopoietic cells come from which cell?

Answer 2

Haemopoietic stem cells

Question 3

All stem cells have which property, that is lost with lineage commitment?

Answer 3

Self-renewal

Question 4

Stem cells differentiate into which cells?

Answer 4

Multipotent progenitors

Question 5

Multipotent progenitor cells must commit to one of which two lineages?

Answer 5

Myeloid

Lymphoid

Question 6

The myeloid lineage gives rise to which blood cells?

Answer 6

Erythrocytes
Platelets
Granulocytes
Montocytes
Dendritic cells

Question 7

The lymphoid lineage gives rise to which blood cells?

Answer 7

Dendritic cells
T cells
NK cells
B cells

Question 8

At what age of gestation does haemopoesis occur in the bone marrow?

Answer 8

Week 16

Question 9

In adults, haemopoesis is restricted to the marrow within which bones?

Answer 9

Axial skeleton
Pelvis
Proximal long bones

Question 10

The arterioles of bone marrow drain into what?

Answer 10

Venous sinuses

Question 11

What are the main differences between bone marrow sinuses and capillaries?

Answer 11

Sinuses are larger and have a discontinous basement membrane

Question 12

Which cell contracts to open up the bone marrow sinus?

Answer 12

Adventitial cell

Question 13

How are red cells released from the marrow?

Answer 13

They pass through fenestrations in endothelial cells

Question 14

Red cell release is associated with sinusoidal contraction and increased blood flow. True/false?

Answer 14

False - sinusoidal dilatation and increased blood flow

Question 15

Which type of marrow is haemopoietically active?

Answer 15

Red

Question 16

There is an increase in yellow (fatty inactive) compared to red marrow with age. True/false?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the normal myeloid to erythroid ratio?

Answer 17

1.5-3:1

Question 18

What can cause a reversal of the myeloid to erythroid ratio?

Answer 18

Blood loss

Haemolysis

Question 19

What regulates neutrophil precursor maturation?

Answer 19

G-CSF

Question 20

What regulates the development of megakaryocytes?

Answer 20

Thrombopoietin

Question 21

How is haemopoiesis regulated microenvironmentally?

Answer 21

As different anatomical sites can provide different signals and vasculature

Question 22

What are the main routinely done tests to assess haemopoiesis?

Answer 22

Full blood count

Blood film

Question 23

What less common test can be done to assess haemopoiesis?

Answer 23

Bone marrow examination

Question 24

What technique is used to measure lymphoid cells?

Answer 24

Immunophenotyping

Question 25

What is involved in immunophenotyping?

Answer 25

The expression of antigens by different cells is measured