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Haematology > Haemostasis > Flashcards

Haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemostasis?

A

The arrest of bleeding and maintenance of vascular patency

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2
Q

What are the components of a normal haemostatic system?

A

Formation of platelet plug
Formation of fibrin clot
Fibrinolysis
Anticoagulant defences

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3
Q

The formation of a fibrin clot is an example of primary/secondary haemostasis

A

Secondary

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4
Q

The formation of a platelet plug is an example of primary/secondary haemostasis

A

Primary

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5
Q

Platelets are formed in bone marrow from the budding of what?

A

Megakaryocytes

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6
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets?

A

7-10 days

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7
Q

What are the two main factors causing platelet adhesion at site of injury?

A

Collagen

Von Willebrand Factor

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8
Q

What is a reduced number of platelets called?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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9
Q

Give some consequences of failure of platelet plug formation

A

Purpura/spontaneous bruising
Mucosal bleeding
Intracranial haemorrhage
Retinal haemorrhage

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10
Q

What are examples of mucosal bleeding that may occur in failure of platelet plug formation?

A

Epistaxis
GI bleeding
Conjunctival haemorrhage
Menorrhagia

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11
Q

What is the main screening test used for primary haemostasis?

A

Platelet count

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12
Q

What is released from damaged endothelium?

A

Tissue factor

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13
Q

What occurs in the initiation stage of fibrin clot formation?

A

Tissue factor and VIIa activate factors V and Xa

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14
Q

Factors V and Xa activate what?

A

Prothrombin (II) to thrombin (IIa)

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15
Q

Thrombin will activate what?

A

Fibrinogen (I) to fibrin (Ia)

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16
Q

What occurs in the amplification stage of fibrin clot formation?

A

Thrombin activates VIII/IXa which increases production of V/Xa increasing production of thrombin

17
Q

What causes the breakdown of fibrin?

A

Plasmin

18
Q

What are fibrin degradation products measured as in the lab?

A

D-dimers

19
Q

What activates plasminogen to plasmin?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

20
Q

What are the naturally occurring anticoagulants?

A

Anti-thrombin

Protein C and protein S

21
Q

What occurs in thrombophilia?

A

There is a deficiency of naturally occuring anticoagulants

22
Q

In thrombophilia there is increased tendency to develop arterial/venous thrombosis

A

Venous

Haematology (19 decks)

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