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Haematology > Pancytopenia > Flashcards

Pancytopenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

A deficiency of blood cells of all lineages

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2
Q

What are the two broad causes of pancytopenia?

A

Increased cell destruction

Decreased cell production

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3
Q

What is the main cause of reduced blood cell production?

A

Bone marrow failure

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4
Q

What is the main inherited cause of marrow failure?

A

Fanconi’s anaemia

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5
Q

What DNA damage occurs in Fanconi’s anaemia?

A

The DNA is unable to correct inter-strand cross links

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6
Q

How does Fanconi’s anaemia progress haematologically?

A

Macrocytosis to thrombocytopenia to neutropenia

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7
Q

What are the main causes of acquired primary bone marrow failure?

A

Idiopathic aplastic anaemia
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Acute leukaemia

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8
Q

What is the pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia?

A

T cells (IFN and TNA) attack stem and progenitor cells

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9
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes can develop into what?

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia

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10
Q

What are the causes of secondary bone marrow failure?

A

Drug-induced
B12/folate deficiency
Lymphoma
HIV

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11
Q

What is the main cause of increased destruction of blood cells?

A

Hypersplenism

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12
Q

Give some causes of hypersplenism

A

Splenic congestion
Systemic disease (RA)
Splenic lymphoma

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13
Q

What three components make up pancytopenia?

A

Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

What are the clinical features of pancytopenia?

A 
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Infection
Bleeding (purpura/mucosal)
Petechiae
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15
Q

What causes a hypocellular pancytopenia?

A

Aplastic anaemia

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16
Q

What can cause a hypercellular pancytopenia?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes
B12/folate deficiency
Hypersplenism

17
Q

What supportive treatment is done for pancytopenia?

A

Red cell and platelet transfusion

Antibiotic prophylaxis

18
Q

What treatment is done for aplastic anaemia?

A

Immunosuppression

19
Q

What are the clinical features of pancytopenia?

A 
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Infection
Bleeding (purpura/mucosal)
Petechiae
20
Q

What causes a hypocellular pancytopenia?

A

Aplastic anaemia

21
Q

What can cause a hypercellular pancytopenia?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes
B12/folate deficiency
Hypersplenism

22
Q

What supportive treatment is done for pancytopenia?

A

Red cell and platelet transfusion

Antibiotic prophylaxis

23
Q

What treatment is done for aplastic anaemia?

A

Immunosuppression

Haematology (19 decks)

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