Transfer of Skills

Question 1

What is positive transfer?

Answer 1

When the learning and performance of one skill helps the learning of another skill.

Question 2

What is negative transfer?

Answer 2

When the learning and performance of one skill hinders the learning and performance of another skill

Question 3

What is proactive transfer?

Answer 3

the influence of one skill one a skill yet to be performed

Question 4

What is Retroactive transfer?

Answer 4

The influence of one skill on the learning or performance of a skill that has previously been learned.

Less likely with highly skilled performers.
The opposite of proactive and is said to occur when current learning or practise of a skill of affecting a skill that was learned in the past.

Question 5

What is Bilateral transfer?

Answer 5

The transfer of learning from one limb to another

Question 6

Explanation of effects of Positive transfer

Answer 6

• encourages similar S-R bonds between two skills/transfer of SR bones from one skill to another.
• helps develop correct motor programme.
• effective if similar elements of both skills are highlighted by coach / identical elements theory
• best if pervious skill is well learned.
• highlight transferable elements

Question 7

Explanation of effects for Negative Transfer

Answer 7

• performer can respond incorrectly to similar stimuli
  E.G. tennis player plays squash players forehand with stiff wrist rather than correct squash tech
• avoid teaching conflicting skills close together
• performer can confuse sub-routines between two skills.
• negative transfer can demotivate performer/learner
• ensure original skill is well learned to avoid negative transfer

Question 8

Explanation of effects of proactive transfer

Answer 8

• previously learned skill affects learning of current or later skill/current skill learning affects future skill
  E.G. tennis player takes up badminton
• can be positive or negative