Practice Methods Flashcards
What is whole practice?
The skill is taught without being broken down. It’s taught in its entirety.
e.g. cartwheel
What is part practice?
The skill is taught by teaching elements of an isolated subroutines.
e.g. tennis serve
What is whole-part-whole practice?
practising the whole skill, then practice the small elements of skill (so you improve it), the skill will then be practiced whole again
e.g. triple jump
What is progressive practice?
The skills are broken down into separate subroutines. Then are linked together.
e.g. gymnastics floor routine
What is massed practice?
Practiced sessions involve very short or no rest intervals.
e.g.
What is distributed practice?
Practice sessions with rest intervals included.
e.g. swimming
What is varied practice?
When a skill is practised in many environments.
These skills tend to be open on the environmental continuum
e.g. passing in netball
What is fixed practice?
A specific movement pattern is practiced repeatedly in a stable environment.
These skills are usually closed on the environmental continuum. They are classed as discrete on the continuity continuum.
e.g. short flick serve in badminton
What are the advantages and disadvantages of whole practice?
Advantages:
Develop feel for whole skill (kinaesthetic).
Smooth and effective.
Better understanding.
Quick to learn
Disadvantages:
Not suitable for complex/dangerous skills.
What are advantages and disadvantages to part practice?
Advantages:
Little info to think about/reduce info.
Good if skill is complex.
Motivation if successful/confidence.
Disadvantages:
Might not get feel for whole skill.
Can take a long time.
Difficult to put back into whole skill.
What are the advantages and disadvantages to whole-part-whole practice?
Advantages:
Coach can pick out a weak area.
Quicker than part practice.
Feel for the skill.
Disadvantages:
Can pick up bad habits
What are the advantages and disadvantages to progressive practice?
Advantages:
It reduces info load.
Performer learns links between sub-routines.
The performer can get the idea of the skill.
Disadvantages:
The performer doesn’t get the fell of skill.
It can take time.
What are advantages and disadvantages of massed practice?
Advantages:
Useful for more experienced players.
Can help when teaching complex skills, as methods can help maintain concentration.
Useful when tasks have an element of danger.
Disadvantages:
Not deemed as effective a distributed practice due to no rest periods.
Could cause less experienced players to become demotivated.
Inexperienced players are likely to become tired and make errors.
What are disadvantages and advantages for distributed practice?
Advantages:
It allows for feedback on performance
Disadvantages:
Time may be managed ineffectively so the rest interval is longer than working interval.
Demotivating/boring for individual
What are advantages and disadvantages from varied practice?
Advantages:
Adapt the technique to the changing environment.
Decision making.
Disadvantages:
Not suitable for closed skills.
Not suitable for basic skills.
