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Palmer Cell Phys - Ward > Transcription_Exam 3 > Flashcards

Transcription_Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gene expression occurs when info from

A

DNA exerts effect on cell

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2
Q

What mediates gene expression?

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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3
Q

When does gene expression begin?

A

Begins with transcription

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4
Q

Transcription is very what?

A

Selective

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5
Q

Types of RNA

A

rRNA, tRNA, mRNA, miRNA/siRNA, and snRNA

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6
Q

These are found associated with proteins in ribosome (protein factories)

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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7
Q

This carry amino acids during translation (protein synthesis)

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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8
Q

This encodes amino acid sequence for protein synthesis?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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9
Q

This regulatory activity, control gene expression.

A

Silencing RNA

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10
Q

Splicing introns, small nuclear RNA

A

snRNA

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11
Q

Both of these, have initiation, elongation and termination

A

DNA replication and Transcription

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12
Q

DNA replications direction of synthesis is different then transcription? (T/F)

A

False; it is the same

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13
Q

Only selected genes are transcribed in DNA replication and Transcription. (T/F)

A

True

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14
Q

Primers are not required for what?

A

Transcription but is for DNA replication

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15
Q

Genes contain what?

A

Exons (coding)
Introns (noncoding)
Consensus sequences (noncoding)

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16
Q

Genes are the sequence of what?

A

Nucleic acids that encode proteins and structural RNA

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17
Q

Thymine (T) is swapped for ____ in RNA

A

Uracil (U)

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18
Q

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: synthesis of pre-ribosomal RNA = precursor to rRNA

A

RNA Polymerase I

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19
Q

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: Syntheses of mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, siRNA. It requires many other proteins to function

A

RNA Polymerase II

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20
Q

RNA Polymerase II synthesis what?

A

mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, siRNA

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21
Q

RNA Polymerase III synthesis what?

A

tRNA

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22
Q

Transcription Initiation does not use

A

primers

23
Q

Transcription initiation; RNA polymerase binds to specific DNA sequence called

A

promoters

24
Q

Most common promoter sequences:

A

TATA box
CAAT box
GC box

25
Q

initiation of transcription (proximal promoter)

A

TATA box

26
Q

controls frequency of transcription (distal)

A

CAAT box

27
Q

controls frequency of transcription (distal)

A

GC box

28
Q

Basal promoters are part of what?

A

Transcription regulation

29
Q

Proxima component of basal promoters are that ___ box, and the distal component are what?

A

TATA box
&
CAAT box or GC box

30
Q

Basal promoters: The TATA box does what?

A

Directs RNA polymerase II

31
Q

Basal promoters: the CAAT box or GC box does what?

A

Controls frequency of transcription

32
Q

Response elements of regulated expression?

A

enhancers or repressors

33
Q

Regulated expression either ____ or ___ transcription

A

induce or repress

34
Q

Regulated expression is found both ___ and ____ from start site

A

upstream and downstream

35
Q

Regulated expression can exert an effect from a ___ ____

A

great distance

36
Q

What are the steps in RNA synthesis?

A

Assembly, initiation, elongation, and termination

37
Q

The assembly of basal transcription complex, the _________ binds to TATA box

A

TATA-binding protein (TBP)

38
Q

The assembly of basal transcription complex, transcription factors bind to ____ ____

A

initiate process

39
Q

The assembly of basal transcription complex, a ____ strand of ____ is produced

A

Single, RNA

40
Q

What is used for approx. 70% of genes (especially ‘housekeeping’ genes - genes required for normal cell functions)

A

Cytosine-Guanine

41
Q

Methylation of ____ ___ silences gene

A

CG islands

42
Q

What repeated sequence is free of nucleosomes?

A

Cytosine - Guanine

43
Q

Free of nucleosomes =

A

easy to transcribe

44
Q

Immediately following initiation, the ____ end of RNA is capped with a ____ _____

A

5’, methyl guanosine

45
Q

Addition of 5’ cap prevents _____ by exonucleases

A

degradation

46
Q

Addition of poly(A) tail contain ______ site near 3’ end of RNA

A

polyadenylation

47
Q

Addition of poly(A) tail recognition site for _____ that cleave ___ nucleotides downstream

A

endonucleases, 20

48
Q

Addition of poly(A) tail: Poly (A) polymerase can now add ____ ____ nucleotides to end

A

80-250 adenine

49
Q

Primary transcript of RNA is large because it contains ____

A

intron (noncoding region)

50
Q

Beginning splice site =

A

GU

51
Q

Ending splice site =

A

AG

52
Q

Intron removal, catalyzed by ____

A

spliceosome which are made of several small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)

53
Q

Intron removed and ____ joined together forming mature ____

A

exons, RNA

Palmer Cell Phys - Ward (6 decks)

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