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Palmer Cell Phys - Ward > DNA Replication_Exam 3 > Flashcards

DNA Replication_Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

This links nucleotide bases together. The hydroxyl group on one base bind with phosphate on adjacent base

A

Phosphodiester bond

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2
Q

Components of a DNA’s Structure

A

Antiparallel and noncovalent interactions

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3
Q

2 strands in double helix run in opposite directions, double helix held together by non-covalent interactions

A

Antiparallel

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4
Q

DNA structure with hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions

A

noncovalent interactions

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5
Q

Each daughter cell contains 1 parent strand + 1 new strand

A

Semiconservative

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6
Q

starts at several points (origins) and its replication ‘bubble’ is formed

A

bidirectional with multiple origins

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7
Q

Characteristics of Eukaryotic DNA replication

A

Semiconservative and bidirectional with multiple origins

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8
Q

Primed by RNA is a characteristic for what?

A

Eukaryotic DNA replication

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9
Q

DNA polymerases cannot cannot synthesize new DNA without short stretches of ___

A

RNA (primer)

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10
Q

DNA ____ makes small stretches of RNA

A

primase

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11
Q

DNA polymerases elongate DNA chain by addition of base pairs to ____ end

A

3’

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12
Q

Sequence of base pairs added is dictated by base pair of ___ ____

A

coding strand

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13
Q

Semidiscontinuous process: New DNA always synthesized in

A

5’ –> 3’ direction

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14
Q

Semidiscontinuous process: Parental strand read from

A

3’ –>5’

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15
Q

Semidiscontinuous process: Continuously synthesized from 5’ –> 3’ on

A

leading strand

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16
Q

Semidiscontinuous process: ___ ____ is synthesized from 5’ –> 3’, but discontinuous = ___ ____

A

Lagging strand, okazaki fragments

17
Q

Proteins involved in DNA replication?

A

DNA Polymerases, DNA Helicases, DNA primases, Single-stranded DNA binding proteins, DNA ligase, toposiomerases and telomerase

18
Q

This protein adds nucleotides to 3’ end during replication of new DNA, and some are able to proofread & remove wrong nucleotides in 3’-5’ direction

A

DNA Polymerases

19
Q

This protein unwinds parental DNA double helix and requires ATP to form the replication fork

A

DNA Helicases

20
Q

This protein synthesizes short RNA primers for DNA synthesis

A

DNA primases

21
Q

This protein prevents premature binding & winding of DNA (aka. annealing)

A

single-stranded DNA binding proteins

22
Q

This protein joins nucleotide fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds and requires ATP

A

DNA Ligase

23
Q

This protein facilitates unwinding of double helix during replication & transcription to release torsional stress and functions ahead of replication fork

A

topoisomerases

24
Q

This protein adds TTAGGG repeats to the ends of chromosomes in stem cells, progenitor cells & cancer, giving them immortality

A

Telomerase

25
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ___ unwinds DNA forming replication fork
26
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ____ prevent DNA from rewinding
A

Single-stranded DNA binding proteins

27
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ___ ads RNA to origin of DNA synthesis
A

DNA primases

28
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ____ adds nucleotides in 5’-3’ direction (to 3’ end of strand)
A

DNA Polymerase

29
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ____ is continuous
A

leading strand

30
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ___ is discontinuous forming okazaki fragments
A

lagging strand

31
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ___ are removed
A

RNA Primers

32
Q
  1. Steps in DNA replication: ___ joins fragments formed
A

DNA Ligase

33
Q

This type of damage is internal, spontaneous & is due to errors in DNA replication

A

Endogenous damage

34
Q

This type of DNA damage is environmental, and ionizing radiation, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, free radicals, and chemotherapy

A

Exogenous mutagens

35
Q

This type of DNA repair fixes mismatch repair in normal base pairing (AT, GC) and identifed by protiens

A

Mismatch repair

36
Q

This DNA repair corrects spontaneous depurination (loss of purines) or deamination (cytosine loses amine to form uracil)

A

Base excision repair

37
Q

This type of DNA repair removes mutations formed by UV light and environmental chemicals

A

Nucleotide excision repair

38
Q

This type of DNA repair uses info from unaffected chromosome to fix

A

Double-stranded DNA repair

Palmer Cell Phys - Ward (6 decks)

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