Transcription & Translation Flashcards
What does the central dogma describe?
Transcription & translation
When a particular protein is needed the call must make it through a process. Which process is this
Protein synthesis
What is transcription?
Process by which a portion of the DNA molecule, a specific gene, is copied into a complementary strand of RNA
What flows to proteins?
Genes
What do you call a complementary strand?
The RNA of the complementary strand is the messenger RNA(mRNA)
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Cytoplasm, at the ribosome
What doesn’t DNA do?
Leave the nucleus
How is the code made?
The Code is carried from the nucleus to the ribosome In cytoplasm
What is the first step of transcription?
Enzyme attaches to the gene causing two strands of DNA to separate
What is the second step of transcription?
Complementary RNA nucleotide bases bone to the base of ONE of the separated DNA strands
What is the third step of transcription?
RNA nucleotides form a single chained molecule (mRNA)
What is the fourth step of transcription?
The mRNA peels away and the two strands of DNA rejoin
In transcription?
Genes are transcribed, & Thymine is replaced with uracil in RNA so adenine in DNA pairs with uracil in RNA
What is translation?
Process of converting mRNA nucleotide sequence into a protein
Translation begins when…
Ribosomes attaches to the mRNA strand
What is transfer RNA?
Specific amino acid to the ribosome (rRNA) which is attached to the mRNA
What is the first step of translation?
The mRNA leaves nucleus and joins the ribosome
What is the second step of translation?
The ribosome “reads” the code (codons)
What is the third step of translation?
Ribosome moves one codon down the mRNA
What is the bond that forms between amino acids?
Peptide bond
What occurs when forming a chain in translation?
Another tRNA, will arrive with another amino acid, this amino acid will bond to the first amino acid
When does the process end?
When protein production is stopped
What are condone?
Condones are every three bases on mRNA
What do codons bond with?
Codons bond with anti codon which is three based of the tRNA
